(1916) Three world powers carve up the Middle EastThe Sykes–Picot Agreement /ˈsaɪks pi.ko/, officially known as the Asia Minor Agreement, was a secret 1916 agreement between the United Kingdom and France, to which the Russian Empire assented. The agreement defined their mutually agreed spheres of influence and control in Southwestern Asia. The agreement was based on the premise that the Triple Entente would succeed in defeating the Ottoman Empire during World War I. The negotiations leading to the agreement occurred between November 1915 and March 1916 and it was signed 16 May 1916. The deal was exposed to the public in Izvestia and Pravda on 23 November 1917 and in the British Guardian on November 26, 1917.
The agreement is still mentioned when considering the region and its present-day conflicts.
The agreement allocated to Britain control of areas roughly comprising the coastal strip between the Mediterranean Sea and the River Jordan, Jordan, southern Iraq, and an additional small area that included the ports of Haifa and Acre, to allow access to the Mediterranean. France got control of southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq, Syria and Lebanon. Russia was to get Istanbul, the Turkish Straits and Armenia. The controlling powers were left free to determine state boundaries within their areas. Further negotiation was expected to determine international administration pending consultations with Russia and other powers, including Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca.
Given Ottoman defeat in 1918 and the subsequent partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, the agreement effectively divided the Ottoman Arab provinces outside the Arabian peninsula into areas of British and French control and influence. An international administration was proposed for Palestine apart to the Acre-Haifa zone which was intended to be a British enclave in northern Palestine to enable access to the Mediterranean. The British gained control of the territory in 1920 and ruled it as Mandatory Palestine from 1923 until 1948. They also ruled Mandatory Iraq from 1920 until 1932, while the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon lasted from 1923 to 1946. The terms were negotiated by British diplomat Mark Sykes and a French counterpart, François Georges-Picot. The Tsarist government was a minor party to the Sykes–Picot agreement, and when, following the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks published the agreement on 23 November 1917, “the British were embarrassed, the Arabs dismayed and the Turks delighted.”
The agreement is seen by many as a turning point in Western and Arab relations. It negated the UK’s promises to Arabs made through Colonel T. E. Lawrence for a national Arab homeland in the area of Greater Syria, in exchange for supporting the British against the Ottoman Empire.
wiki/Sykes–Picot_Agreement
(1935) Lawrence dies far from ArabiaLived: Aug 16, 1888 – May 19, 1935 (age 46)
Height: 5′ 5″ (1.66 m)
Related movies: Lawrence of Arabia
Buried: Church of St. Nicholas and St. Magnus · St Nicholas’ Church, Moreton
Education: Jesus College, Oxford (1907 – 1910) · University of Oxford · Magdalen College, Oxford · Oxford High School, Oxford (1896 – 1907) · City of Oxford High School for Boys Parents: Sarah Junner (Mother) · Sir Thomas Chapman, 7th Baronet (Father)Highlights
- 1907: In August 1907 Lawrence wrote home: “The Chaignons & the Lamballe people, complimented me on my wonderful French: I have been asked twice since I arrived what part of France I came from”.
- 1916: In 1916, he was sent to Arabia on an intelligence mission and quickly became involved with the Arab Revolt, serving, along with other British officers, as a liaison to the Arab forces.
- 1920: Faisal’s rule as king, however, came to an abrupt end in 1920, after the battle of Maysaloun, when the French Forces of General Gouraud entered Damascus under the command of General Mariano Goybet, destroying Lawrence’s dream of an independent Arabia.
- 1920: With the new photos, Thomas re-launched his show under the new title With Allenby in Palestine and Lawrence in Arabia in early 1920, which proved to be extremely popular.
- 1935: To pay the inheritance tax, he sold the U.S. copyright of Seven Pillars of Wisdom (subscribers’ text) outright to Doubleday Doran in 1935.
- 1935: He died six days later on 19 May 1935.
wiki/T._E._Lawrence
(1963) Excerpts from a landmark civil rights letter publishedAuthor: Martin Luther King, Jr.
Written: Apr 16, 1963
First published: Jun 12, 1963
wiki/Letter_from_Birmingham_Jail
(1992) Amy Fisher shoots Mary Jo Buttafuoco
Joseph A. “Joey” Buttafuoco is an auto body shop owner from Long Island. He is best known for having had an affair with a 17-year-old Amy Fisher, who subsequently shot his wife Mary Jo Buttafuoco in the face. Popular news coverage titled Fisher the “Long Island Lolita.” Buttafuoco later pled guilty to one count of statutory rape and served four months in jail.Born: Mar 11, 1956 (age 61) · Massapequa, NY
Height: 5′ 11″ (1.80 m)
Spouse: Mary Jo Buttafuoco
Children: Paul Buttafuoco (Son) · Jessica Buttafuoco (Daughter)
wiki/Joey_Buttafuoco
Amy Elizabeth Fisher is an American woman who became known as “the Long Island Lolita” by the media in 1992, when, at the age of 17, she shot and severely wounded Mary Jo Buttafuoco, the wife of her illicit lover Joey Buttafuoco. Initially charged with first-degree attempted murder, she eventually pleaded guilty to first-degree aggravated assault and served seven years in prison. Paroled in 1999, Fisher became a journalist and writer, before embarking in 2007 on a short-lived career as a pornographic actress.Born: Aug 21, 1974 (age 42) · Wantagh, NY
Height: 5′ 4″ (1.63 m)
Spouse: Lou Bellera (m. 2003 – 2015)
Children: Brett Bellera (Son) · Ava Rose Bellera (Daughter)
Education: John F Kennedy High School
wiki/Amy_Fisher
