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Major Mike

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Douglas MacArthur

Today in History 09/15 (Birmingham Church Bombing)

September 15, 2018 by GµårÐïåñ
A civil defense worker and firemen walk through debris from an expolsion which struck the 16th street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama on Sept 15, 1963 (© AP)(1963) Four young girls killed in Birmingham church bombing
Addie Mae Collins, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Robertson, and Carol Denise McNair, all under 15, are killed when a KKK bomb explodes at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. Twenty-two others are injured in the deadliest act of racist violence in the US civil rights era.
The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing was an act of white supremacist terrorism which occurred at the African American 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, on Sunday, September 15, 1963, when four members of the Ku Klux Klan planted at least 15 sticks of dynamite attached to a timing device beneath the steps located on the east side of the church.
Date: Sep 15, 1963
Fatalities: 4
Location: Birmingham
Target: 16th Street Baptist Church
Attack type: Church bombing, terrorism, hate crime, mass murder
Deaths: 4

The four girls killed during the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing
The four girls killed during the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing. Clockwise from top left: Addie Mae Collins (aged 14), Cynthia Wesley (aged 14), Carole Robertson (aged 14) and Denise McNair (aged 11)
wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing
4.15.A18

(1963) Four young girls killed in Birmingham church bombing.
Also on this day,

1821 | Act of Independence of Central America is enacted
The Province of Guatemala proclaims the independence of Central America from the Spanish Empire and invites other provinces to meet and determine a path forward. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua will all briefly become part of the Mexican Empire before forming the Federal Republic of Central America.
1950 | General MacArthur lands US Marines at Inchon, Korea
General Douglas MacArthur commands a joint US-United Nations force in a bold invasion of South Korea 25 miles from communist-held Seoul. The amphibious landing of some 50,000 troops 100 miles south of the 38th parallel will end North Korea’s string of victories and cut their forces in two.
1978 | Boxer Muhammad Ali is a triple threat as he wins record 3rd title
Fighting against an opponent 11 years his junior at the Superdome in New Orleans, boxer Muhammad Ali, 36, scores a unanimous win after 15 rounds against Leon Spinks to take the world heavyweight boxing title. Ali becomes the first boxer to win the heavyweight championship belt three times.

Today in History 09/15/17

General Douglas MacArthur is shown after he stepped ashore at Inchon, South Korea, Sept 17, 1950 (© Frank Noel/AP)(1950) General MacArthur lands US Marines at Inchon, Korea
General Douglas MacArthur commands a joint US-United Nations force in a bold invasion of South Korea 25 miles from communist-held Seoul. The amphibious landing of some 50,000 troops 100 miles south of the 38th parallel will end North Korea's string of victories and cut their forces in two.
The Battle of Inchon was an amphibious invasion and battle of the Korean War that resulted in a decisive victory and strategic reversal in favor of the United Nations. The operation involved some 75,000 troops and 261 naval vessels, and led to the recapture of the South Korean capital of Seoul two weeks later. The code name for the operation was Operation Chromite.
Start date: Sep 10, 1950
End date: Sep 19, 1950
Incheon SK
Incheon, South Korea, in pink coloring.
Inchon landing map
The landing at Incheon.

wiki/Battle_of_Inchon
4.4.j17


Posted in: History Tagged: 1821, 1950, 1963, 1978, Addie Mae Collins, Alabama, Battle of Inchon, Birmingham, Carol Denise McNair, Carole Robertson, Cynthia Wesley, Douglas MacArthur, Federal Republic of Central America, Guatemala, history, independence, KKK, Korea, Leon Spinks, Muhammad Ali, New Orleans, US Marines

Today in History 09/02 (Battle of Actium)

September 2, 2018 by GµårÐïåñ
Drawing depicting the Battle of Actium (© Universal History Archive/Getty Images)(31 BCE) Sunset of the Roman Republic as Octavian takes Actium
The Ionian Sea boils with 750 warships as Octavian engages Mark Antony in a battle to determine the Roman Republic’s fate. Julius Caesar’s great-nephew defeats Caesar’s former friend, and Octavian will go on to found the Roman Empire and be named Augustus, its first emperor.
The Battle of Actium was the decisive confrontation of the Final War of the Roman Republic, a naval engagement between Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra on 2 September 31 BC, on the Ionian Sea near the promontory of Actium, in the Roman province of Epirus Vetus in Greece. Octavian’s fleet was commanded by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, while Antony’s fleet was supported by the power of Queen Cleopatra of Ptolemaic Egypt.
Date: 31 BC

Map of the Battle of Actium
Map of the Battle of Actium
wiki/Battle_of_Actium
4.15.A18

(31 BCE) Sunset of the Roman Republic as Octavian takes Actium.
Also on this day,

1666 | Great Fire of London breaks out in Pudding Lane
Cinders from a baker’s oven ignite a woodpile, which then burns the house situated in a warren-like maze of London’s timber-built city center. Strong winds whip the flames into an uncontrollable conflagration that will destroy some 13,000 houses and consume most of the great city.
1935 | The most powerful hurricane in US history makes landfall
Birthed near the Bahamas as a weak tropical depression, a monstrous hurricane packing sustained high winds of 185 mph makes landfall over the upper Florida Keys, where a storm surge 20 feet high swamps the low-lying islands. Upwards of 600 people will perish in the Labor Day hurricane.
1945 | Japan accepts surrender terms as WWII officially ends
Black formal wear and military khaki meet on the deck of the USS Missouri battleship as a signing ceremony ending WWII gets under way. The Japanese foreign minister signs surrender documents, with General Douglas MacArthur signing for the Allies at the close of history’s most destructive war.

Today in History 09/02/17

Lt. Gen. Richard K. Sutherland witnesses the ceremony marking the end of World War II as Foreign Minister Manoru Shigemitsu of Japan signs the surrender document aboard the USS Missouri on Sept 2, 1945 (© C.P. Gorry/AP)(1945) Japan accepts surrender terms as WWII officially ends
Black formal wear and military khaki meet on the deck of the USS Missouri battleship as a signing ceremony ending WWII gets under way. The Japanese foreign minister signs surrender documents, with General Douglas MacArthur signing for the Allies at the close of history's most destructive war.

The surrender of Imperial Japan was announced on August 15 and formally signed on September 2, 1945, bringing the hostilities of World War II to a close. By the end of July 1945, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) was incapable of conducting major operations and an Allied invasion of Japan was imminent. Together with the British Empire and China, the United States called for the unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces in the Potsdam Declaration on July 26, 1945—the alternative being "prompt and utter destruction". While publicly stating their intent to fight on to the bitter end, Japan's leaders (the Supreme Council for the Direction of the War, also known as the "Big Six") were privately making entreaties to the still-neutral Soviet Union to mediate peace on terms more favorable to the Japanese. Meanwhile, the Soviets were preparing to attack Japanese forces in Manchuria and Korea (in addition to South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands) in fulfillment of promises they had secretly made to the United States and the United Kingdom at the Tehran and Yalta Conferences.

On August 6, 1945, at 8:15 AM local time, the United States detonated an atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Sixteen hours later, American President Harry S. Truman called again for Japan's surrender, warning them to "expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth." Late in the evening of August 8, 1945, in accordance with the Yalta agreements, but in violation of the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, and soon after midnight on August 9, 1945, the Soviet Union invaded the Imperial Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. Later in the day, the United States dropped a second atomic bomb, this time on the Japanese city of Nagasaki. Following these events, Emperor Hirohito intervened and ordered the Supreme Council for the Direction of the War to accept the terms the Allies had set down in the Potsdam Declaration for ending the war. After several more days of behind-the-scenes negotiations and a failed coup d'état, Emperor Hirohito gave a recorded radio address across the Empire on August 15. In the radio address, called the Jewel Voice Broadcast (玉音放送 Gyokuon-hōsō), he announced the surrender of Japan to the Allies.

On August 28, the occupation of Japan by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers began. The surrender ceremony was held on September 2, aboard the United States Navy battleship USS Missouri, at which officials from the Japanese government signed the Japanese Instrument of Surrender, thereby ending the hostilities. Allied civilians and military personnel alike celebrated V-J Day, the end of the war; however, some isolated soldiers and personnel from Imperial Japan's far-flung forces throughout Asia and the Pacific islands refused to surrender for months and years afterwards, some even refusing into the 1970s. The role of the atomic bombings in Japan's unconditional surrender, and the ethics of the two attacks, is still debated. The state of war formally ended when the Treaty of San Francisco came into force on April 28, 1952. Four more years passed before Japan and the Soviet Union signed the Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956, which formally brought an end to their state of war.


US Landings
Allied landings in the Pacific Theatre of Operations, August 1942 to August 1945

wiki/Surrender_of_Japan
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Posted in: History Tagged: 1666, 1935, 1945, 31 BCE, Battle of Actium, Douglas MacArthur, Great Fire of London, history, Labor Day Hurricane, Mark Antony, Octavian, Pudding Lane, Roman Republic, Surrender of Japan, USS Missouri, World War II

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