Alexander Fleming

Today in History 09/28 (William the Conqueror)

Portrayal of the Battle of Hastings in 1066 (© The Print Collector/Print Collector/Getty Images)(1066) A Norman duke bent on conquest lands in England
Duke William I of Normandy and his invasion force land at Pevensey on the Sussex coast to begin what will be nothing less than the conquest of England. By Christmas, ‘William the Conqueror’ is crowned king in London’s Westminster Abbey as England’s age of Anglo-Saxon rule ends.
William I, usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman King of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. After a long struggle to establish his power, by 1060 his hold on Normandy was secure, and he launched the Norman conquest of England six years later. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands and by difficulties with his eldest son.
Lived: 1028 – Sep 09, 1087
Spouse: Matilda of Flanders
Children: Robert Curthose (Son) · Henry I of England (Son) · William II of England (Son) · Adela of Normandy (Daughter) · Cecilia of Normandy (Daughter) · Constance of Normandy (Daughter) · Richard of Normandy (Son) · Adeliza (Daughter) · Agatha of Normandy (Daughter) · Matilda
Buried: Abbey of Saint-Étienne, Caen
Parents: Robert I, Duke of Normandy (Father) · Herleva (Mother)
Siblings: Odo of Bayeux (Brother) · Adelaide of Normandy (Sister) · Robert, Count of Mortain (Brother)
Highlights
  • 1053: In England, Earl Godwin died in 1053 and his sons were increasing in power: Harold succeeded to his father’s earldom, and another son, Tostig, became Earl of Northumbria.

  • 1065: In 1065 Northumbria revolted against Tostig, and the rebels chose Morcar, the younger brother of Edwin, Earl of Mercia, as earl in place of Tostig.

  • 1066: Harold’s brother Tostig made probing attacks along the southern coast of England in May 1066, landing at the Isle of Wight using a fleet supplied by Baldwin of Flanders.

  • 1066: Harold’s brother Tostig and Harald Hardrada invaded Northumbria in September 1066 and defeated the local forces under Morcar and Edwin at the Battle of Fulford near York.

  • 1083: More difficulties struck in 1083, when William’s eldest son Robert rebelled once more with support from the French king.

  • 1087: He was taken to the priory of Saint Gervase at Rouen, where he died on 9 September 1087.

Location of major events during the Norman conquest of England in 1066
Locations of some of the events in 1066
wiki/William_the_Conqueror
4.15.A18

(1066) A Norman duke bent on conquest lands in England.
Also on this day,

1928 | Bacteria finally, and accidentally, meet their match as Penicillin discovered by Alexander Fleming
On his return from vacation, Scottish biologist Alexander Fleming finds a staphylococci culture has been sullied by a mold that is destroying the bacteria. With this accidental discovery, Fleming has found penicillin, an antibiotic that will change the world and save countless lives.
1963 | Pop art explodes with the first showing of ‘Whaam!’
Roy Lichtenstein’s new art exhibition includes a big, bold diptych titled, quite appropriately, ‘Whaam!’ Zooming across canvas is the artist’s reworking of a panel from a war comic book. At once shocking, amusing, and utterly modern, it will become one of pop art’s emblematic works.
1981 | Olivia Newton-John gets ‘Physical’ hit single
The Australian singer—and ‘Grease’ star—releases the saucy single and its suggestive fitness-themed video. The song will become her biggest US hit, topping Billboard’s singles chart for 10 weeks.

Today in History 09/28/17

Scottish biologist Sir Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin (© Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty Images)(1928) Bacteria finally, and accidentally, meet their match
On his return from vacation, Scottish biologist Alexander Fleming finds a staphylococci culture has been sullied by a mold that is destroying the bacteria. With this accidental discovery, Fleming has found penicillin, an antibiotic that will change the world and save countless lives.
Sir Alexander Fleming FRS FRSE FRCS was a Scottish physician, biologist, pharmacologist and botanist. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the world's first antibiotic substance benzylpenicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy.
Lived: Aug 06, 1881 - Mar 11, 1955 (age 73)
Spouse: Amalia Fleming (m. 1953 - 1955) · Sarah Fleming (m. 1915 - 1949)
Inventions: Penicillin
Awards: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1945) · John Scott Medal (1944)
Education: St Mary's Hospital Medical School (1903 - 1906) · Imperial College London · University of Westminster · Kilmarnock Academy
Highlights
  • 1915: Alexander Fleming married Sarah Fleming on December 22, 1915; their marriage lasted 34 years till October 28, 1949.

  • 1927: By 1927, Fleming had been investigating the properties of staphylococci.

  • 1929: He identified the mould as being from the Penicillium genus, and, after some months of calling it "mould juice", named the substance it released penicillin on 7 March 1929.

  • 1940: Shortly after the team published its first results in 1940, Fleming telephoned Howard Florey, Chain's head of department, to say that he would be visiting within the next few days.

  • 1945: Fleming, Florey and Chain jointly received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1945.

  • 1955: On 11 March 1955, Fleming died at his home in London of a heart attack.

Synthetic Production of Penicillin TR1468
Synthetic Production of Penicillin Professor Alexander Fleming, holder of the Chair of Bacteriology at London University, who first discovered the mould Penicillin Notatum. Here in his laboratory at St Mary's, Paddington, London.

wiki/Alexander_Fleming
4.4.j17