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Major Mike

Knowledge is Power - Share the Power

1999

Today in History 09/24 (Devils Tower)

September 24, 2018 by GµårÐïåñ
Devils Tower in the Black Hills region of Wyoming (© Jean-Marc Giboux/Liaison/Getty Images)(1906) Wyoming’s monolith becomes a monument
Likely formed by a 40 million-year-old igneous intrusion, a 1,267-foot-high rock formation jutting from Wyoming’s Black Hills is designated as America’s first National Monument. Native Americans will petition that the name be changed from ‘Devils Tower’ to the Lakota ‘Bear Lodge.’
Devils Tower is a laccolithic butte composed of igneous rock in the Bear Lodge Mountains near Hulett and Sundance in Crook County, northeastern Wyoming, above the Belle Fourche River. It rises dramatically 1,267 feet above the Belle Fourche River, standing 867 feet from summit to base. The summit is 5,112 feet above sea level.
Phone: (307) 467-5283
Elevation: 5,112 feet
Area: 2.10 sq miles
Managed by: National Park Service
Established: Sep 24, 1906
First ascent: Jul 04, 1893

Devils Tower National Monument at sunset in Wyoming, United States
Devils Tower National Monument at sunset in Wyoming, United States
wiki/Devils_Tower
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(1906) Wyoming’s monolith becomes a monument.
Also on this day,

1877 | Japan’s Satsuma Rebellion ends with the samurai’s last stand
A Westernized army is replacing the samurai warrior class and this loss of status has incited Saigō Takamori to lead 40,000 samurai in the Satsuma Rebellion. Samurai defeats, however, have left just 500 or so warriors to fight one last stand against 30,000 Imperial Army troops at the Battle of Shiroyama.
1957 | Ebbet’s Field bids farewell to their beloved ‘bums’ the Brooklyn Dodgers
The Brooklyn Dodgers beat the Pittsburgh Pirates 2-0 in a bittersweet victory as the Dodgers plays their final game at Ebbet’s Field. Just two years after winning their first World Series, the team’s been bought and will be moving to Los Angeles, much to the chagrin of their New York fans.
1982 | Prince predicts premillennial partying in ‘1999’
‘1999,’ the title track to the fifth album by rising Minneapolis music star Prince, hits the record stores and the airwaves. Its mixture of dance-party groove, cutting-edge synthesizers, and anti-nuke message grabs listeners almost two decades before the song’s titular time frame.

Today in History 09/24/17

Artist depiction of the Satsuma Rebellion (© Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty Images)(1877) Japan's Satsuma Rebellion ends with the samurai's last stand
A Westernized army is replacing the samurai warrior class and this loss of status has incited Saigō Takamori to lead 40,000 samurai in the Satsuma Rebellion. Samurai defeats, however, have left just 500 or so warriors to fight one last stand against 30,000 Imperial Army troops at the Battle of Shiroyama.
The Battle of Shiroyama took place on 24 September 1877, in Kagoshima, Japan. It was the final battle of the Satsuma Rebellion, where the heavily outnumbered samurai under Saigō Takamori made their last stand against Imperial Japanese Army troops under the command of Generals Yamagata Aritomo and Kawamura Sumiyoshi. The battle culminated in the annihilation of Saigō's army as well as his death, marking the end of the Satsuma Rebellion.
Date: Sep 24, 1877

wiki/Battle_of_Shiroyama
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Posted in: History Tagged: 1877, 1906, 1957, 1982, 1999, Battle of Shiroyama, Black Hills, Brooklyn Dodgers, Devils Tower, Ebbets Field, history, Japan, Prince, Satsuma Rebellion, Wyoming

Today in History 07/30 (Jimmy Hoffa)

July 30, 2018 by GµårÐïåñ
Jimmy Hoffa in 1974 (© Ron Galella/WireImage/Getty Images)(1975) Labor leader Jimmy Hoffa vanishes without a trace
After arriving at a Detroit restaurant at 2:45 in the afternoon to settle a feud with Mafia members, Jimmy Hoffa disappears. The ex-Teamsters Union leader will never be found, nor will any credible clues to his whereabouts be uncovered, despite decades of law enforcement efforts.
James Riddle Hoffa was an American labor union leader who served as the President of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters union from 1958 until 1971. He vanished in late July 1975, at age 62.
Lived: Feb 14, 1913 – Jul 30, 1975 (age 62)
Nationality: American
Spouse: Josephine Hoffa (m. 1936 – 1975)
Related movies: The Irishman
Children: James P. Hoffa (Son) · Barbara Ann Crancer (Daughter)
Upcoming movies: Marilyn Monroe: Murder on Fifth Helena Drive
Highlights
  • 1936: Hoffa married Josephine Poszywak, an 18-year-old Detroit laundry worker of Polish heritage, at Bowling Green, Ohio on September 24, 1936; the couple had met during a non-unionized laundry workers’ strike action six months earlier.

  • 1952: By 1952 he had risen to national vice-president of the IBT, and served as the union’s general president between 1958 and 1971.

  • 1957: His predecessor, Beck, had appeared before the John Little McClellan-led U.S. Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor or Management Field in March 1957, and took the Fifth Amendment 140 times in response to questions.

  • 1961: Provenzano was a national vice-president with IBT from 1961, Hoffa’s second term as Teamsters’ president.

  • 1964: In 1964, he succeeded in bringing virtually all over-the-road truck drivers in North America under a single National Master Freight Agreement, in what may have been his biggest achievement in a lifetime of union activity.

  • 1975: Hoffa became involved with organized crime from the early years of his Teamsters work, and this connection continued until his disappearance in 1975.

James R. Hoffa and James P. Hoffa NYWTS
James P. Hoffa, half-length portrait, with his father James R. Hoffa at testimonial dinner / World Telegram & Sun photo by John Bottega.
wiki/Jimmy_Hoffa
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(1975) Labor leader Jimmy Hoffa vanishes without a trace.
Also on this day,

1945 | USS Indianapolis sinks in shark-infested waters
Having delivered A-bomb parts to Tinian Island, the USS Indianapolis sinks in the Philippine Sea after a Japanese sub torpedoes her. Only 317 of 1,196 sailors will survive, with many dying from injury, exposure, and shark attacks after drifting in the open ocean for almost four days.
1963 | A ‘Friend’ is born on Friendship Day
On Friendship Day, Lisa Valerie Kudrow is born in Los Angeles. She’ll develop an interest in improv and acting, eventually landing a recurring role as waitress Ursula Buffay on the TV show ‘Mad About You.’ Kudrow will go on to star as Ursula’s twin sister Phoebe on a new show called ‘Friends’ for 10 seasons.
1966 | England wins its first World Cup in front of the home crowd
More than 90,000 fans fill London’s Wembley Stadium, and 400 million watch on TV, as England and West Germany meet in the final round of football’s World Cup. England’s Geoff Hurst kicks three goals for the first hat trick in World Cup finals history, helping to give his country its first trophy.
1999 | ‘The Blair Witch Project’ haunts theaters
The low-budget thriller tells the story of the fictional Blair Witch legend through ‘found footage.’ It will become one of the first films to attribute its success to viral marketing, thanks to a website with fake police reports, interviews, and other items that convince some viewers it’s a documentary.

Today in History 07/30/17

The USS Indianapolis in 1939 (© PhotoQuest/Getty Images)(1945) USS Indianapolis sinks in shark-infested waters
Having delivered A-bomb parts to Tinian Island, the USS Indianapolis sinks in the Philippine Sea after a Japanese sub torpedoes her. Only 317 of 1,196 sailors will survive, with many dying from injury, exposure, and shark attacks after drifting in the open ocean for almost four days.
USS Indianapolis was a Portland-class heavy cruiser of the United States Navy. She was named for the city of Indianapolis, Indiana. She was the flagship of Admiral Raymond Spruance while he commanded the Fifth Fleet in battles across the Central Pacific.
Keel laid: 31 Mar 1930
Launched: 07 Nov 1931
USS Indianapolis-last voyage chart
Indianapolis's intended route from Guam to the Philippines

The USS Indianapolis- When the sinking wasn’t the worst that could happen.
(source: dirkdeklein.net/2017/07/30/the-uss-indianapolis-when-the-sinking-wasnt-the-worst-that-could-happen)

It was shortly after midnight—on the 30th of July, 1945—when disaster struck.

After delivering Hiroshima-bomb components to Tinian Island, the USS Indianapolis and her crew of 1,196 sailors were sailing west, toward Leyte (in the Philippines).

At 00:14 on 30 July, she was struck on her starboard side by two Type 95 torpedoes, one in the bow and one amidships, from the Japanese submarine I-58, under the command of Mochitsura Hashimoto.

The explosions caused massive damage. Indianapolis took on a heavy list, and settled by the bow. Twelve minutes later, she rolled completely over, then her stern rose into the air, and she plunged down. Some 300 of the 1,196 crewmen went down with the ship. With few lifeboats and many without life jackets, the remainder of the crew were set adrift.

As the sun rose on July 30, the survivors bobbed in the water. Life rafts were scarce. The living searched for the dead floating in the water and appropriated their lifejackets for survivors who had none. Hoping to keep some semblance of order, survivors began forming groups—some small, some over 300—in the open water. Soon enough they would be staving off exposure, thirst—and sharks.

The animals were drawn by the sound of the explosions, the sinking of the ship and the thrashing and blood in the water. Though many species of shark live in the open water, none is considered as aggressive as the oceanic whitetip. Reports from the Indianapolis survivors indicate that the sharks tended to attack live victims close to the surface, leading historians to believe that most of the shark-related causalities came from oceanic whitetips.

The first night, the sharks focused on the floating dead. But the survivors’ struggles in the water only attracted more and more sharks, which could feel their motions through a biological feature known as a lateral line: receptors along their bodies that pick up changes in pressure and movement from hundreds of yards away. As the sharks turned their attentions toward the living, especially the injured and the bleeding, sailors tried to quarantine themselves away from anyone with an open wound, and when someone died, they would push the body away, hoping to sacrifice the corpse in return for a reprieve from a shark’s jaw. Many survivors were paralyzed with fear, unable even to eat or drink from the meager rations they had salvaged from their ship. One group of survivors made the mistake of opening a can of Spam—but before they could taste it, the scent of the meat drew a swarm of sharks around them. They got rid of their meat rations rather than risk a second swarming.

The sharks fed for days, with no sign of rescue for the men. Navy intelligence had intercepted a message from the Japanese submarine that had torpedoed the Indianapolis describing how it had sunk an American battleship along the Indianapolis’ route, but the message was disregarded as a trick to lure American rescue boats into an ambush. In the meantime, the Indianapolis survivors learned that they had the best odds in a group, and ideally in the center of the group. The men on the margins or, worse, alone, were the most susceptible to the sharks.

As the days passed, many survivors succumbed to heat and thirst, or suffered hallucinations that compelled them to drink the seawater around them—a sentence of death by salt poisoning. Those who so slaked their thirst would slip into madness, foaming at the mouth as their tongues and lips swelled. They often became as great a threat to the survivors as the sharks circling below—many dragged their comrades underwater with them as they died.

After 11:00 a.m. on their fourth day in the water, a Navy plane flying overhead spotted the Indianapolis survivors and radioed for help. Within hours, another seaplane, manned by Lieutenant Adrian Marks, returned to the scene and dropped rafts and survival supplies.

When Marks saw men being attacked by sharks, he disobeyed orders and landed in the infested waters, and then began taxiing his plane to help the wounded and stragglers, who were at the greatest risk. A little after midnight, the USS Doyle arrived on the scene and helped to pull the last survivors from the water. Of the Indianapolis’ original 1,196-man crew, only 317 remained.

Estimates of the number who died from shark attacks range from a few dozen to almost 150. It’s impossible to be sure. But either way, the ordeal of the Indianapolis survivors remains the worst maritime disaster in U.S. naval history.

The USS Indianapolis, led by Captain Charles McVay, was ordered to head toward Guam by going through the Leyte Gulf. What the U.S. Navy didn’t tell him was the Leyte Gulf at the time was a haven for Japanese submarines, and that ships passing through should do so with extreme caution.

Lacking the intel that he was in unfriendly waters and exercising his order to perform evasive maneuvers “at his discretion,” McVay told the crew to just head straight forward, and bid them a good night. Unfortunately the Japanese submarine I-58, captained by Mochitsura Hashimoto, noticed the Indianapolis heading straight toward it and immediately sank it.

McVay survived and World War II ended, but soon thereafter he found himself in a court martial for negligence in the sinking of his ship (probably as a scapegoat to cover for the other Navy guys who completely botched the Indianapolis’ travel instructions and subsequent rescue.

In the trial, the U.S. Navy made the fairly unprecedented step of bringing in Hashimoto as a witness . He was brought in as a witness for the prosecution, expected to talk about the gross incompetence of the American captain, hoping he would seal McVay’s fate. Rather unexpectedly, when Hashimoto took the stand he outright defended McVay, stating that no matter what he had done, the Indianapolis still would have been hit by his torpedoes.

The U.S. Navy still found McVay guilty regardless of what Hashimoto said, demoting him and basically ruining his naval career. Though Admiral Nimitz would wind up promoting McVay back to his old rank soon thereafter, the trial decision still stood — that is, until Hashimoto decided to help McVay out again. Hashimoto sent a letter to Senator John Warner, an action that helped lead to McVay being exonerated.


wiki/USS_Indianapolis_(CA-35)
4.4.j17


Posted in: History Tagged: 1945, 1963, 1966, 1975, 1999, England, Friends, Friendship Day, history, Jimmy Hoffa, Lisa Kudrow, The Blair Witch Project, USS Indianapolis, World Cup
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