(1743) A British monarch leads troops into battle for the last timeEngland’s 60-year-old King George II leads 25 squadrons of British and Hanoverian cavalry into the Battle of Dettingen against a French army confident it will defeat their foe in the larger War of the Austrian Succession. George will be the last British monarch to lead a battle.The Battle of Dettingen took place on 27 June 1743 at Dettingen on the River Main, Germany, during the War of the Austrian Succession. The British forces, in alliance with those of Hanover and Hesse, defeated a French army under the duc de Noailles. George II commanded his troops in the battle, and this marked the last time a British monarch personally led his troops on the field. The battle straddled the river about 18 miles east of Frankfurt, with guns on the Hessian bank but most of the combat on the flat Bavarian bank. The village of Dettingen is today the town of Karlstein am Main, in the extreme northwest of Bavaria.
Date: Jun 27, 1743
wiki/Battle_of_Dettingen(1971) Legendary New York concert venue shuts its doorsConcert promoter Bill Graham hosts the final show at the Fillmore East, with performances by Albert King, The J. Geils Band, The Beach Boys, and The Allman Brothers Band, among others. The venue had featured iconic acts since 1968 but proved to be too small for the growing concert industry .Fillmore East was rock promoter Bill Graham’s rock venue on Second Avenue near East 6th Street in the Lower East Side neighborhood, now called the East Village neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan of New York City. It was open from March 8, 1968 to June 27, 1971 and featured some of the biggest acts in rock music at the time. The Fillmore East was a companion to Graham’s Fillmore Auditorium, and its successor, the Fillmore West, in San Francisco, Graham’s home base.
Opened: Mar 08, 1968 Closed: Jun 27, 1971 Capacity: 2,654
wiki/Fillmore_East(1972) Computer gaming’s groundbreaking gang forms Atari Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney, designers of the first arcade video game, ‘Computer Space,’ incorporate their new firm, Atari. It will help transform the industry as Atari’s design engineer Al Alcorn gets things rolling, or at least gliding, with his first creation, ‘Pong.’Atari is a corporate and brand name owned by several entities since its inception in 1972, currently by Atari Interactive, a subsidiary of the French publisher Atari, SA. The original Atari, Inc. founded in 1972 by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney was a pioneer in arcade games, home video game consoles, and home computers. The company’s products, such as Pong and the Atari 2600, helped define the electronic entertainment industry from the 1970s to the mid-1980s.
Founded: 1972 · Sunnyvale, CA Headquarters: New York, NY Founder: Nolan Bushnell Subsidiaries: Fox Interactive · Krome Studios Melbourne · Paradigm Entertainment · Cryptic Studios · GT Interactive Software Europe Ltd. · GT Interactive Software GmbH · R New UK Studio ltd · GT Interactive Software France SARL · GT Interactive Europe Holdings BV
wiki/Atari(1985) America’s legendary ‘Mother Road’ is no moreIt’s too late to get hip to timely Route 66 tips, as the once heavily travelled highway spanning the US heartland from Chicago to L.A. (California) is officially decertified. Formerly stretching more than 2,000 miles, the giant US interstate highway system now renders the route obsolete.U.S. Route 66, also known as the Will Rogers Highway, the Main Street of America or the Mother Road, was one of the original highways within the U.S. Highway System. US 66 was established on November 11, 1926, with road signs erected the following year. The highway, which became one of the most famous roads in the United States, originally ran from Chicago, Illinois, through Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona before ending at Santa Monica, California, covering a total of 2,448 miles. It was recognized in popular culture by both the hit song Route 66″ and the Route 66 television show in the 1960s.
Length: 2,451 miles (3,945 km) Formed: Nov 11, 1926 Major cities: Oatman · Santa Monica · Groom · Flagstaff · Amarillo · Chicago · Albuquerque · Kingman · Springfield · Los Angeles · San Bernardino · Needles · Barstow · Oklahoma City · Amboy
(1462) The Night Attack unleashes Vlad the Impaler’s furyA conflict over Prince Vlad III’s refusal to pay taxes to Sultan Mehmed II results in a bloody nighttime raid by the Wallachian prince and his forces on the Ottoman sultan’s armed camp. The Night Attack ends in victory for the Wallachians, but Vlad Dracula’s goal of assassinating the sultan goes unmet.The Night Attack of Târgoviște was a battle fought between forces of Vlad III the Impaler of Wallachia and Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire on Thursday, June 17, 1462.
Date: Jun 17, 1462
wiki/The_Night_Attack(1631) Mughal Empress Mumtaz Mahal diesEmpress Mumtaz Mahal, beloved wife of India’s Mughal emperor, dies while giving birth to the couple’s fourteenth child. Her husband’s grief will lead to 21 years of construction on the Taj Mahal, a domed marble mausoleum for his wife’s tomb and one of the architectural wonders of the world.Mumtaz Mahal was Empress consort of the Mughal Empire from 19 January 1628 to 17 June 1631 and was the chief consort of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. The UNESCO World Heritage Site, Taj Mahal in Agra, often cited as one of the Wonders of the World, was commissioned by her husband to act as her final resting place.
Lived: Apr 27, 1593 – Jun 17, 1631 (age 38) Spouse: Shah Jahan (m. 1612 – 1631) Buried: Taj Mahal Children: Aurangzeb (Son) · Dara Shikoh (Son) · Jahanara Begum (Daughter) · Murad Bakhsh (Son) · Shah Shuja (Son) · Gauharara Begum (Daughter) · Roshanara Begum (Daughter) · Huralnissa Begum (Daughter) · Sultan Daulat Afza (Son) · Husnara Begum (Daughter) · Sultan Ummid Baksh (Son) · Sultan Luftallah (Son) · Surayya Banu Begum (Daughter) Parents: Abul-Hasan ibn Mirza Ghiyas Beg (Father) Siblings: Shaista Khan (Brother)
Highlights
1593: Mumtaz Mahal was born Arjumand Banu Begum on 27 April 1593 in Agra to Abdul Hasan Asaf Khan and his wife Diwanji Begum, the daughter of a Persian noble, Khwaja Ghias-ud-din of Qazvin.
1607: Mumtaz Mahal was betrothed to Shah Jahan on 30 January 1607, when she was 13 years old at the time and he was 15.
1612: She was married at the age of 19 on 30 April 1612 to Prince Khurram, later known by his regnal name, Shah Jahan, who conferred upon her the title “Mumtaz Mahal”.
1612: Mumtaz Mahal married Shah Jahan on May 10, 1612.
1631: Mumtaz Mahal died in Burhanpur on 17 June 1631 while giving birth to her fourteenth child.
wiki/Mumtaz_Mahal(1673) Two mapmakers meet the mighty MississippiFrenchman Jacques Marquette and French-Canadian Louis Jolliet set their canoes down on the river Native Americans called the “Mesipi,” near what will be Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. These early European explorers will map the huge waterway’s course to within 435 miles of the Gulf of Mexico. Louis Jolliet was a French Canadian explorer known for his discoveries in North America. Jolliet and Jesuit Father Jacques Marquette, a Catholic priest and missionary, were the first non-Natives to explore and map the Mississippi River in 1673.
Born: Sep 21, 1645 · Quebec City, Canada Died: 1700 Romance: Claire-Françoise Bissot Parents: Marie d’Abancourt (Mother) · Geoffroy Guillot dit Lavallée (Father) · Jean Joliet ou Jolliet Children: Charles Joillet (Son) · Marie-Geneviève Joliet (Daughter) · Marie-Genevieve Grignon (Daughter) · Francois Joillet (Son) · Jean-Baptiste Joillet (Son) · François Joliet (Son) · Claire-Catherine Joillet (Daughter) · Louis Joillet (Son) · Jean-Baptiste Jolliet (Son) · Charles Jolliet-d’Anticosti (Son) · Louis Joliet, fils (Son) · Charles Marie Joliet · Anne Jolliet
Highlights
1673: Jolliet and Jesuit Father Jacques Marquette, a Catholic priest and missionary, were the first non-Natives to explore and map the Mississippi River in 1673.
1673: On May 17, 1673, Jolliet and Marquette departed from St. Ignace Michigan with two canoes and five other voyageurs of French-Indian ancestry (today’s Métis).
1680: In 1680, Jolliet was granted the Island of Antwhere where he created a fort and maintained soldiers.
1694: In 1694, he sailed from the Gulf of St. Lawrence north along the coast of Labrador as far north as Zoar, a voyage of five and a half months.
1700: Louis Jolliet died in 1700.
wiki/Louis_Jolliet Father Jacques Marquette S.J., sometimes known as Père Marquette or James Marquette, was a French Jesuit missionary who founded Michigan’s first European settlement, Sault Ste. Marie, and later founded St. Ignace, Michigan. In 1673 Father Marquette and Louis Jolliet were the first Europeans to explore and map the northern portion of the Mississippi River.
Born: Jun 01, 1637 · Laon, France Died: May 18, 1675 · Ludington, MI Parents: Rose de La Salle (Mother) · Nicolas Marquette (Father) Written works: Voyages
Highlights
1637: Jacques Marquette was born at Laon, France, on June 1, 1637, and joined the Society of Jesus at age 17.
1666: After he worked and taught in France for several years, the Jesuits assigned him to New France in 1666 as a missionary to the indigenous peoples of the Americas.
1668: In 1668 Father Marquette was moved by his superiors to missions farther up the St. Lawrence River in the western Great Lakes region.
1673: Leave was granted, and in 1673 Marquette joined the expedition of Louis Jolliet, a French-Canadian explorer.
1674: On the return trip to St. Ignace, he died at age 37 near the modern town of Ludington, Michigan.
1675: Jacques Marquette died on May 18, 1675 in Ludington, United States.
wiki/Jacques_Marquette(1972) Break-in at the Watergate Hotel ends in arrestsFive men, including US President Richard Nixon’s security chief, are arrested after breaking into the Democratic National Committee’s headquarters at the Watergate Complex in Washington, DC. What Nixon’s press secretary later dubs a ‘third-rate burglary’ will be the undoing of a presidency.Watergate was a major political scandal that occurred in the United States in the 1970s, following a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C. on June 17, 1972, and President Richard Nixon’s administration’s attempted cover-up of its involvement. When the conspiracy was discovered and investigated by the U.S. Congress, the Nixon administration’s resistance to its probes led to a constitutional crisis.
(1215) King John concedes absolute power and puts it in writingAbsolute monarchical power comes to an end when a beleaguered King John formally agrees to respect the feudal privileges of England’s nobility. Belief that this Magna Carta strengthens individual liberty will greatly influence the American Constitution and the development of modern democracies.Magna Carta Libertatum, commonly called Magna Carta, is a charter agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury to make peace between the unpopular King and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons’ War. After John’s death, the regency government of his young son, Henry III, reissued the document in 1216, stripped of some of its more radical content, in an unsuccessful bid to build political support for their cause. At the end of the war in 1217, it formed part of the peace treaty agreed at Lambeth, where the document acquired the name Magna Carta, to distinguish it from the smaller Charter of the Forest which was issued at the same time. Short of funds, Henry reissued the charter again in 1225 in exchange for a grant of new taxes; his son, Edward I, repeated the exercise in 1297, this time confirming it as part of England’s statute law.
wiki/Magna_Carta(1859) Two world powers send military forces to solve pig problemOne pig is shot but no people perish in a conflict that proves the necessity of precisely worded territorial treaties. The Pig War begins between British Canada and the US near the San Juan Islands when an ostensibly British-Canadian pig is found rooting for tubers on a supposedly American farm.The Pig War was a confrontation in 1859 between the United States and Great Britain over the Canada–U.S. border in the San Juan Islands, between Vancouver Island and the mainland. The Pig War, so called because it was triggered by the shooting of a pig, is also called the Pig Episode, the Pig and Potato War, the San Juan Boundary Dispute or the Northwestern Boundary Dispute. With no shots exchanged and no human casualties, this dispute was a bloodless conflict.
Date: 1859
wiki/Pig_War_(1859)(1878) Dawn of the movies as Muybridge stops time with his cameraLeland Stanford is fairly certain that when a horse gallops there is a moment when all four of its legs leave the ground. He hires photographer Eadweard Muybridge who takes pioneering stop-motion photographs, proving that horses can indeed become airborne for a split second, and the innovative images will mark the dawn of motion pictures.Eadweard Muybridge was an English photographer important for his pioneering work in photographic studies of motion, and early work in motion-picture projection. He adopted the name Eadweard Muybridge, believing it to be the original Anglo-Saxon form of his name.
Born: Apr 09, 1830 · Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom Died: May 08, 1904 · Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom Spouse: Flora Shallcross Stone (m. 1872 – 1875) Inventions: Film Children: Florado Helios Muybridge (Son) Parents: Susan Muggeridge (Mother) · John Muggeridge
Highlights
1872: In 1872, Muybridge married 21-year-old Flora Shallcross Stone.
1874: In 1874, Muybridge discovered that a drama critic known as Major Harry Larkyns might have fathered Flora’s seven-month-old son Florado.
1875: While travelling on a photography expedition in the Spanish-speaking nations of Central America in 1875, the photographer advertised his works under the name “Eduardo Santiago Muybridge” in Guatemala.
1877: Today, Muybridge is known for his pioneering work on animal locomotion in 1877 and 1878, which used multiple cameras to capture motion in stop-motion photographs, and his zoopraxiscope, a device for projecting motion pictures that pre-dated the flexible perforated film strip used in cinematography.
1878: In 1878, Muybridge made a famous 13-part 360° photographic panorama of San Francisco, to be presented to the wife of Leland Stanford.
1904: Muybridge died on 8 May 1904 in Kingston upon Thames of prostate cancer at the home of his cousin Catherine Smith.
wiki/Eadweard_Muybridge(1972) Infamous German radical arrestedFormer journalist Ulrike Meinhof is caught by police two years after helping form the Red Army Faction, a violent leftist organization considered a terrorist group. Her subsequent murder trial and the controversy surrounding her apparent jail-cell suicide will transfix Europe.Ulrike Marie Meinhof was a German left-wing militant. She co-founded the Red Army Faction in 1970, after having worked as a journalist for the monthly left-wing magazine konkret. She was arrested in 1972, charged with numerous murders and the formation of a criminal association. In 1976, before the trial concluded, Meinhof was found hanged in her prison cell.
Born: Oct 07, 1934 · Oldenburg, Germany
Died: May 09, 1976 · Stuttgart, Germany
Founded: Red Army Faction
Movies: Children of the Revolution
Parents: Werner Meinhof (Father)
Highlights
1936: In 1936, her family moved to Jena when her father, art historian Dr. Werner Meinhof, became director of the city’s museum.
1940: Her father died of cancer in 1940, causing her mother to take in a boarder, Renate Riemeck, to make money.
1958: In 1958, she spent a short time on the AStA (German: Allgemeiner Studierendenausschuss, or General Committee of Students) of the university and wrote articles for various student newspapers.
1961: In 1961, she married the co-founder and publisher of konkret, Klaus Rainer Röhl.
1970: She co-founded the Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion) in 1970 after having previously worked as a journalist for the monthly left-wing magazine konkret.
1972: In December 1972, Meinhof, who was awaiting trial, was called to testify at Horst Mahler’s trial where Mahler questioned her about the statement of support the two had issued for the September 1972 massacre of Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics.
(1793) Spanish inventor glides over the countryside on wingsOn a moonlit night, Diego Marín Aguilera flies on his invention made of iron, wood, and a myriad of feathers. He soars some 500 yards over Coruña del Conde, Spain, before landing. Others see his glider as heretical and they will burn it, ending Aguilera’s budding career in aviation.Diego Marín Aguilera was a Spanish inventor who was an early aviation pioneer. Born in Coruña del Conde, Marín became the head of his household after his father died and had to take care of his seven siblings. He worked as an agricultural laborer, tending his animals and fields. Marín spent long afternoons and days herding sheep in the surrounding fields.
Born: 1757 Died: 1799
wiki/Diego_Marín_Aguilera(1928) A mouse named Mickey makes his debutScreened before a test audience, a silent short animated film made by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks fails to find a movie distributor. The lead character of ‘Plane Crazy,’ Mickey Mouse, won’t be fated to obscurity however, as his second outing, ‘Steamboat Willie,’ makes a big splash.Inspired by Lindbergh’s flight from New York to Paris, Mickey builds a plane to take Minnie for a trip involving some necking, though Minnie objects to the necking.
Release date: May 15, 1928 (United States) Directors: Walt Disney · Ub Iwerks Estimated budget: $3,528 USD Music by: Carl Stalling IMDB: www.imdb.com/title/tt0019278
wiki/Plane_Crazy(1972) Assassination attempt fells US presidential candidateArthur Bremer shoots Alabama governor and US presidential hopeful George Wallace as he campaigns at a Maryland shopping center. Wallace survives the assassination attempt, but will be paralyzed from the waist down the rest of his life.George Corley Wallace Jr. was an American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat: 1963–1967, 1971–1979 and 1983–1987. Wallace has the third longest gubernatorial tenure in post-Constitutional U.S. history, at 16 years and four days. He was a U.S. Presidential candidate for four consecutive elections, in which he sought the Democratic Party nomination in 1964, 1972, and 1976, and was the American Independent Party candidate in the 1968 presidential election. He remains the last third-party candidate to receive pledged electoral college votes from any state.
Lived: Aug 25, 1919 – Sep 13, 1998 (age 79) Height: 5′ 7″ (1.70 m) Parties: Dixiecrat · Democratic Party Education: University of Alabama · University of Alabama School of Law Related movies: Selma Previous offices: Governor of Alabama (1983 – 1987) · Governor of Alabama (1971 – 1979) · Governor of Alabama (1963 – 1967)
Highlights
1943: George Wallace married Lurleen Wallace on May 21, 1943; their marriage lasted 25 years till May 07, 1968.
1963: Wallace took the oath of office on January 14, 1963, standing on the gold star marking the spot where, nearly 102 years earlier, Jefferson Davis was sworn in as provisional president of the Confederate States of America.
1966: He felt somewhat vindicated when Republicans in Idaho denied renomination in 1966 to Governor Robert E. Smylie, author of the article entitled “Why I Feel Sorry for Lurleen Wallace.”
1971: On January 4, 1971, Wallace wed the former Cornelia Ellis Snively (1939–2009), a niece of former Alabama Governor Jim Folsom, known as “Big Jim”.
1982: In the 1982 Alabama gubernatorial Democratic primary, Wallace’s main opponents were Lieutenant Governor George McMillan and Alabama House Speaker Joe McCorquodale.
1998: Wallace died of septic shock from a bacterial infection in Jackson Hospital in Montgomery on September 13, 1998.
wiki/George_Wallace(1986) Run-D.M.C. breaks throughThe hip-hop group releases its third album, which includes a collaboration with Aerosmith on a new version of the band’s hit ‘Walk This Way.’ ‘Raising Hell’ will expand rap’s popularity to MTV and a broader audience, selling more than 3 million copies.Raising Hell is the third studio album by hip hop group Run–D.M.C.. The breakthrough album trumped standing perceptions of commercial viability for hip-hop groups, achieving triple-platinum status and receiving critical attention from quarters that had previously ignored hip hop, dismissing it as a fad.
Release year: 1986 Genre: Hip Hop, Old School Hip Hop Label: Arista Artist: Run-D.M.C.
(1739) India’s ‘Peacock Throne’ stolen from DelhiSaid to cost more than the Taj Mahal, the Mughal emperor’s Peacock Throne is stolen by invading Persian forces. Incalculably valuable and made of solid gold, precious gemstones, and rare pearls, it will be lost ever since.The Peacock Throne was a famous jeweled throne that was the seat of the Mughal emperors of India. It was commissioned in the early 17th century by emperor Shah Jahan and was located in the Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audiences) in the Red Fort of Delhi. The original throne was subsequently captured and taken as a war trophy in 1739 by the Persian king Nadir Shah, and has been lost ever since. A replacement throne based on the original was commissioned afterwards and existed until the Indian war of Independence in 1857. wiki/Peacock_Throne(1895) First screening of a projected movieCinema is born in Paris, as 200 invited guests watch ‘Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory,’ a one-minute film made by Auguste and Louis Lumière with their new creation, the cinematograph film camera. The film, probably the first real motion picture ever made, is shown together with several short clips, one of which startles the audience with the image of an oncoming train.A man opens the big gates to the Lumière factory. Through the gateway and a smaller doorway beside it, workers are streaming out, turning either left or right. Most of them are women in long dresses and big hats, but some are men. Suddenly a man with a long apron rushes out through the crowd, followed by a big dog. At last some men on bikes leave the gateway. When all workers have left the factory, the doorkeeper starts closing the gates again.
Release date: Mar 22, 1895 (France) Director: Louis Lumière
wiki/Workers_Leaving_the_Lumière_Factory(1960) The laser is patentedPhysicists Arthur Schawlow and Charles Townes of Bell Labs are awarded a patent for the laser, or “light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.” Some experts will contend that physicist grad student Gordon Gould should’ve received the patent.A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term “laser” originated as an acronym for “light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation”. The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore H. Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles Hard Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow. A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light coherently. Spatial coherence allows a laser to be focused to a tight spot, enabling applications such as laser cutting and lithography. Spatial coherence also allows a laser beam to stay narrow over great distances, enabling applications such as laser pointers. Lasers can also have high temporal coherence, which allows them to emit light with a very narrow spectrum, i.e., they can emit a single color of light. Temporal coherence can be used to produce pulses of light as short as a femtosecond.
Inventors: Charles H. Townes · Theodore Maiman · Gordon Gould · Alexander Prokhorov · Nikolay Basov May treat: Acne · Sebaceous cyst
wiki/Laser(1972) US Congress passes the Equal Rights Amendment Introduced to Congress in 1923, the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), a proposed constitutional guarantee of women’s rights, passes and is sent to the states for ratification. Final ratification will fall short of the threshold needed by three states and the amendment will eventually die.
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for women. The ERA was originally written by Alice Paul and Crystal Eastman. In 1923, it was introduced in the Congress for the first time. The ERA has always been highly controversial regarding the meaning of equality for women. It was “feminist against feminist”, said historian Judith Sealander; the result was the eventual defeat of the ERA. Middle-class women generally were supportive. Those speaking for the working class were strongly opposed, arguing that employed women needed special protections regarding working conditions and hours. In 1972, it passed both houses of Congress and was submitted to the state legislatures for ratification. It seemed headed for quick approval until Phyllis Schlafly mobilized conservative women in opposition, arguing that the ERA would disadvantage housewives.
Congress had set a ratification deadline of March 22, 1979. Through 1977, the amendment received 35 of the necessary 38 state ratifications. Five states rescinded their ratifications before the 1979 deadline. In 1978, a joint resolution of Congress extended the ratification deadline to June 30, 1982, but no further states ratified the amendment and so it did not become part of the Constitution. Several organizations continue to work for the adoption of the ERA.
(1743) A British monarch leads troops into battle for the last time
(1971) Legendary New York concert venue shuts its doors
(1972) Computer gaming’s groundbreaking gang forms Atari 
(1985) America’s legendary ‘Mother Road’ is no more
Louis Jolliet was a French Canadian explorer known for his discoveries in North America. Jolliet and Jesuit Father Jacques Marquette, a Catholic priest and missionary, were the first non-Natives to explore and map the Mississippi River in 1673.
Father Jacques Marquette S.J., sometimes known as Père Marquette or James Marquette, was a French Jesuit missionary who founded Michigan’s first European settlement, Sault Ste. Marie, and later founded St. Ignace, Michigan. In 1673 Father Marquette and Louis Jolliet were the first Europeans to explore and map the northern portion of the Mississippi River.
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