1971

Today in History 11/24 (On the Origin of Species)

British Naturalist Charles Darwin, circa 1854 (Messrs. Maull and Fox)(1859) Darwin’s pioneering study on evolution is published
British naturalist Charles Darwin publishes his groundbreaking scientific work that introduces the theory that species gradually evolve via “natural selection” to best survive in their environment. Darwin’s work will have enormous impact on the scientific community, but also in social and religious quarters.
On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin’s book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.
Author: Charles Darwin
First published: Nov 24, 1859
Number of pages: 502
Genres: Science · Biology · Treatise
Followed by: Fertilisation of Orchids
Original language: English

Photograph of Charles Darwin
Darwin pictured shortly before publication
wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species
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(1859) Darwin’s pioneering study on evolution is published.
Also on this day,

1963 | Jack Ruby kills accused assassin Lee Harvey Oswald
Dallas nightclub owner Ruby fires a single shot and mortally wounds Oswald as police move the accused assassin through a basement in front of gathered press and witnesses. The entire incident is captured on live TV. Oswald had been in custody for the murder of President John F. Kennedy two days before.
1971 | ‘D.B. Cooper’ jumps out of plane in a thunderstorm and disappears
Having hijacked a Northwest Airlines flight, ‘D. B. Cooper’ parachutes out of the plane while flying over rural Washington State with $200,000 in ransom. Wearing a suit and raincoat, he jumps at least 10,000 feet into 100 mph winds and freezing temperatures. A massive search will find no trace of Cooper nor reveal his identity.
1991 | Rock star Freddie Mercury dies of AIDS-related pneumonia
Freddie Mercury, the lead singer of popular rock band Queen, dies at 45. The day before he had released a statement saying that he had AIDS, after years of being dogged by rumors about his frail appearance. He called on fans to help join the ‘fight against this terrible disease.’

Today in History 11/24/17

Lee Harvey Oswald reacts as Jack Ruby, foreground, shoots him in a corridor of Dallas police headquarters, November 24, 1963 (Dall© as Times-Herald, Bob Jackson/AP)(1963) Jack Ruby kills accused assassin Lee Harvey Oswald
Dallas nightclub owner Ruby fires a single shot and mortally wounds Oswald as police move the accused assassin through a basement in front of gathered press and witnesses. The entire incident is captured on live TV. Oswald had been in custody for the murder of President John F. Kennedy two days before.
Jack RubyJack Leon Ruby was the Dallas, Texas nightclub owner who fatally shot Lee Harvey Oswald on November 24, 1963, while Oswald was in police custody after being charged with assassinating U.S. President John F. Kennedy and murder of Dallas policeman J. D. Tippit two days earlier. A Dallas jury found him guilty of murdering Oswald, and he was sentenced to death. Ruby's conviction was later appealed, and he was granted a new trial. However, on January 3, 1967, as the date for his new trial was being set, Ruby became ill in his prison cell and died of a pulmonary embolism from lung cancer.
Born: Mar 25, 1911 · Chicago, IL
Died: Jan 03, 1967 · Dallas, TX
Buried: Westlawn Cemetery
Related movies: JFK
Siblings: Marion Rubenstein (Sister) · Earl Rubenstein (Brother) · Eileen Rubenstein (Sister) · Sam Rubenstein (Brother) · Hyman Rubenstein (Brother) · Ann Rubenstein (Sister) · Eva Rubenstein (Sister)
Highlights
  • 1911: Jack Ruby was born Jacob Leon Rubenstein on March 25, 1911 in Chicago as the son of Joseph Rubenstein (1871–1958) and Fannie Turek Rutkowski (or Rokowsky), both Polish-born, Orthodox Jews.

  • 1946: In 1946, Tony Accardo allegedly asked Jack Ruby to go to Texas with Mafia associates Pat Manno and Romie Nappi to make sure that Dallas County Sheriff Steve Gutherie would acquiesce to the Mafia’s expansion into Dallas.

  • 1963: On November 24, 1963, he fatally shot Lee Harvey Oswald while the latter was in police custody after being charged with assassinating U.S. President John F. Kennedy two days earlier.

  • 1963: Joe Campisi and his wife visited with Jack Ruby in jail for ten minutes on November 30, 1963.

  • 1966: Eventually, the appellate court agreed with Ruby's lawyers for a new trial, and on October 5, 1966, ruled that his motion for a change of venue before the original trial court should have been granted.

  • 1967: Ruby died of a pulmonary embolism, secondary to bronchogenic carcinoma (lung cancer), on January 3, 1967, at Parkland Hospital, the same facility where Oswald had died and where President Kennedy had been pronounced dead after his assassination.

Ruby about to shoot Oswald who is being escorted by Dallas police detectives Jim Leavelle and L. C. Graves.

wiki/Jack_Ruby
Lee Harvey OswaldLee Harvey Oswald was an American former Marine and Marxist who assassinated United States President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. According to four federal government investigations and one municipal investigation, Oswald shot and killed Kennedy from a sniper's nest as the President traveled by motorcade through Dealey Plaza in the city of Dallas, Texas.
Lived: Oct 18, 1939 - Nov 24, 1963 (age 24)
Height: 5' 9" (1.75 m)
Spouse: Marina Oswald Porter (m. 1961 - 1963)
Children: Audrey Marina Rachel Oswald (Daughter) · June Lee Oswald (Daughter)
Buried: Rose Hill Cemetery
Highlights
  • 1955: As a teenager in 1955, Oswald attended Civil Air Patrol meetings in New Orleans.

  • 1956: In July 1956, Oswald's mother moved the family to Fort Worth, Texas, and Oswald re-enrolled in the 10th grade for the September session at Arlington Heights High School in Fort Worth.

  • 1956: Like all Marines, Oswald was trained and tested in shooting and he scored 212 in December 1956, slightly above the requirements for the designation of sharpshooter.

  • 1961: From approximately June 1960 to February 1961, Oswald had a personal relationship with Ella German, a co-worker at the factory.

  • 1961: Lee Harvey Oswald married Marina Oswald Porter on April 30, 1961.

  • 1962: He lived in the Belarusian city of Minsk until June 1962, at which time he returned to the United States with Marina, his Russian-born wife, eventually settling in Dallas.


Lee Harvey Oswald being shot by Jack Ruby as Oswald is being moved by police, 1963

wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald
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Today in History 11/08 (JFK)

John Kennedy waves to a crowd while on the campaign trail in San Antonio, Texas, in September 1960 (© AP)(1960) John F. Kennedy elected president
Democratic Senator John F. Kennedy beats Republican Vice President Richard Nixon by a slim margin to become the youngest president ever elected (though not the youngest president ever) as well as the first Catholic to hold the office. Many attribute Kennedy’s win to his smooth demeanor in televised debates.
The United States presidential election of 1960 was the 44th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960. In a closely contested election, Democrat John F. Kennedy defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, the Republican Party nominee. This was the first election in which all fifty states participated, and the last in which the District of Columbia did not. It was also the first election in which an incumbent president was ineligible to run for a third term due to the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment.
Election year: Nov 08, 1960

Electoral College
Presidential election results map. Blue denotes states won by Kennedy/Johnson, red denotes those won by Nixon/Lodge, orange denotes the electoral votes for Byrd/Thurmond by Alabama and Mississippi unpledged electors, and a vote for Byrd/Goldwater by an Oklahoma faithless elector. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.
wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1960
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(1960) John F. Kennedy elected president.
Also on this day,

1889 | Montana becomes the 41st US state
President Benjamin Harrison announces the admission of the 41st state in the union. Leaders in Montana, the name of which is derived from the Spanish word montaña (mountain), had been working toward statehood since the early 1860s.
1939 | Adolf Hitler narrowly makes it out alive as assassination fails
On the 16th anniversary of his failed coup attempt known as the Beer Hall Putsch, the Nazi leader is scheduled to speak when a bomb detonates in the hall. But Hitler, and others in the Nazi leadership, had left several minutes before the explosion.
1971 | Led Zeppelin releases ‘Stairway to Heaven’ album
The officially unnamed fourth album from the British rock band becomes known as Led Zeppelin IV. The album will be a phenomenal success and contains some of Zeppelin’s greatest hits: ‘Black Dog,’ ‘Rock and Roll,’ and, of course, ‘Stairway to Heaven.’

Today in History 11/08/17

Destruction in the hall of the 'Buergerbraeukeller' in Munich, Germany, site of an attempted assassination of Adolf Hitler in November 1939 (© Gestapo/AP)(1939) Adolf Hitler narrowly makes it out alive
On the 16th anniversary of his failed coup attempt known as the Beer Hall Putsch, the Nazi leader is scheduled to speak when a bomb detonates in the hall. But Hitler, and others in the Nazi leadership, had left several minutes before the explosion.
Johann Georg Elser was a German worker who planned and carried out an elaborate assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler and other high-ranking Nazi leaders on 8 November 1939 at the Bürgerbräukeller in Munich. A time bomb that Elser constructed and placed near the speaking platform failed to kill Hitler, who left earlier than expected, but killed eight people and injured over sixty-two others. Elser was held as a prisoner for over five years until he was executed at the Dachau concentration camp.
Born: Jan 04, 1903 · Hermaringen, Germany
Died: Apr 09, 1945 · Dachau concentration camp, Germany

Georg Elser
Georg Elser, Munich

wiki/Johann_Georg_Elser
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