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Major Mike

Knowledge is Power - Share the Power

1970

Today in History 09/25 (Little Rock Nine)

September 25, 2018 by GµårÐïåñ
Federal troops escort black students as they arrive at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, September 1957 (© AP)(1957) It takes an army to integrate an Arkansas school
Battling racial prejudice in an almost literal way, the US Army’s 101st Airborne Division escorts nine African American students into classes at Little Rock, Arkansas’ Central High School. President Eisenhower called out the troops after the governor blocked court-mandated integration.
The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. They then attended after the intervention of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Movies: Nine from Little Rock

Operation Arkansas
Operation Arkansas: A Different Kind of Deployment Photo by Courtesy of the National Archives September 20, 2007 Soldiers from the 101st Airborne Division escort the Little Rock Nine students into the all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Ark.
wiki/Little_Rock_Nine
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(1957) It takes an army to integrate an Arkansas school.
Also on this day,

1789 | Bill of Rights adopted as amendments aim to form a more perfect union
The US Congress passes 12 amendments to the nation’s constitution, ensuring protections for individual liberties, including the freedom of speech and the press, the right to assembly, and the right to exercise religion. Ten of the amendments, comprising the Bill of Rights, will be ratified by the states.
1970 | ‘The Partridge Family’ says hello, world
‘The Partridge Family’ introduces America to the fictional family band and their groovy tour bus. The show will run for four seasons, launching the careers of Danny Bonaduce, Susan Dey, and teen idol David Cassidy, as well as producing a few hit records.
1983 | Massive Maze prison break in Northern Ireland
Thirty-eight armed prisoners bolt from Northern Ireland’s infamous, and supposedly “escape-proof,” Maze Prison in the biggest jailbreak in Britain’s history. Primarily housing IRA members, the Irish rebels will dub the large breakout the ‘Great Escape’ and consider it a victory for their cause.

Today in History 09/25/17

An original manuscript of the Bill of Rights on display in New Jersey (© Mel Evans/AP)(1789) Amendments aim to form a more perfect union
The US Congress passes 12 amendments to the nation's constitution, ensuring protections for individual liberties, including the freedom of speech and the press, the right to assembly, and the right to exercise religion. Ten of the amendments, comprising the Bill of Rights, will be ratified by the states.

The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the oftentimes bitter 1787–88 battle over ratification of the U.S. Constitution, and crafted to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people. The concepts codified in these amendments are built upon those found in several earlier documents, including the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the English Bill of Rights 1689, along with earlier documents such as Magna Carta (1215). In practice, the amendments had little impact on judgements by the courts for the first 150 years after ratification.

On June 8, 1789, Representative James Madison introduced nine amendments to the constitution in the House of Representatives. Among his recommendations Madison proposed opening up the Constitution and inserting specific rights limiting the power of Congress in Article One, Section 9. Seven of these limitations would become part of the ten ratified Bill of Rights amendments. Ultimately, on September 25, 1789, Congress approved twelve articles of amendment to the Constitution, each consisting of one one-sentence paragraph, and submitted them to the states for ratification. Contrary to Madison's original proposal that the articles be incorporated into the main body of the Constitution, they were proposed as supplemental additions (codicils) to it. Articles Three through Twelve were ratified as additions to the Constitution on December 15, 1791, and became Amendments One through Ten of the Constitution. Article Two became part of the Constitution on May 5, 1992, as the Twenty-seventh Amendment. Article One is technically still pending before the states.

Although Madison's proposed amendments included a provision to extend the protection of some of the Bill of Rights to the states, the amendments that were finally submitted for ratification applied only to the federal government. The door for their application upon state governments was opened in the 1860s, following ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment. Since the early 20th century both federal and state courts have used the Fourteenth Amendment to apply portions of the Bill of Rights to state and local governments. The process is known as incorporation.

There are several original engrossed copies of the Bill of Rights still in existence. One of these is on permanent public display at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.


Bill of Rights Pg1of1 AC
The Bill of Rights, twelve articles of amendment to the to the United States Constitution proposed in 1789, ten of which, Articles three through twelve, became part of the United States Constitution in 1791. Note that the First Amendment is actually "Article the third" on the document, Second Amendment is "Article the fourth", and so on. "Article the second" is now the 27th Amendment. "Article the first" has not been ratified

wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights
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Posted in: History Tagged: 1789, 1957, 1970, 1983, Arkansas, Bill of Rights, Dwight D Eisenhower, Great Escape, history, Little Rock Nine, Maze Prison, Northern Ireland, The Partridge Family, US Congress

Today in History 09/21 (B-29 Superfortress)

September 21, 2018 by GµårÐïåñ
US Air Force B-29 Superfortress bombers (© Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty Images)(1942) One of history’s largest warplanes takes to the skies
The B-29 Superfortress makes its maiden flight from Seattle’s Boeing Field. Almost 4,000 of the enormous US combat planes will be built, including the two that will drop the world’s first atomic weapons over Japan.
The Boeing B-29 Superfortress is a four-engine propeller-driven heavy bomber designed by Boeing, which was flown primarily by the United States during World War II and the Korean War. It was one of the largest aircraft operational during World War II and featured state-of-the-art technology. Including design and production, at over $3 billion it was the single most expensive weapons project undertaken by the United States in World War II, exceeding the cost of the Manhattan Project by between $1 and 1.7 billion. Innovations introduced included a pressurized cabin, dual-wheeled, tricycle landing gear, and an analog computer-controlled fire-control system directing four remote machine gun turrets that could be operated by a single gunner and a fire-control officer. A manned tail gun installation was semi-remote. The name “Superfortress” continued the pattern Boeing started with its well-known predecessor, the B-17 Flying Fortress. Designed for the high-altitude strategic bomber role, the B-29 also excelled in low-altitude nighttime incendiary bombing missions. One of the B-29’s final roles during World War II was carrying out the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Maximum speed: 356.98 mph
Range: 5,592 miles
Maiden flight: Sep 21, 1942
Length: 99′ 0″
Wingspan: 141 feet
Notable aircrafts: Enola Gay · Bockscar · Big Stink · The Great Artiste · Full House · Jabit III

Boeing-Wichita B-29 Assembly Line - 1944
Boeing assembly line at Wichita, Kansas (1944)
wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress
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(1942) One of history’s largest warplanes takes to the skies.
Also on this day,

1780 | Benedict Arnold plots to betray US Continental Army
General Benedict Arnold is dissatisfied with how his US Continental Army career has progressed and today meets with his ostensible enemy, British Major John André, to handover of his command, West Point, to the redcoats. His plot later exposed, Arnold’s name will become a byword for treason or betrayal.
1937 | ‘The Hobbit’ is published in London
J.R.R. Tolkien’s new novel ‘The Hobbit’ is published in London, and will sell out fast as the Oxford professor’s tale proves a hit with readers and critics alike. Publishers request a sequel, and more than a decade later ‘The Lord of the Rings will be delivered.
1970 | A football tradition starts as ‘Monday Night Football’ debuts on ABC
Don Meredith, Keith Jackson, and Howard Cosell call the action as the Cleveland Browns meet the New York Jets in the debut broadcast of ‘Monday Night Football.’ The ABC network show will garner great ratings and become an institution in prime-time TV sports viewing.

Today in History 09/21/17

Engraving depicting American army officer Benedict Arnold handing papers to British officer John Andre during the American Revolutionary War (© Stock Montage/Getty Images)(1780) Benedict Arnold plots to betray US Continental Army
General Benedict Arnold is dissatisfied with how his US Continental Army career has progressed and today meets with his ostensible enemy, British Major John André, to handover of his command, West Point, to the redcoats. His plot later exposed, Arnold's name will become a byword for treason or betrayal.
Benedict Arnold was a general during the American Revolutionary War, who fought for the American Continental Army, and later defected to the British Army. While a general on the American side, he obtained command of the fortifications at West Point, New York, overlooking the cliffs at the Hudson River, and planned to surrender them to British forces. This plan was exposed in September 1780. He was commissioned into the British Army as a brigadier general.
Born: Jan 14, 1741 · Norwich, CT
Died: Jun 14, 1801 · London, England
Spouse: Peggy Shippen (m. 1779 - 1804) · Margaret Mansfield (m. 1767 - 1775)
Buried: St Mary's Church, Battersea
Children: Lt.-Gen. James Robertson Arnold (Son) · John Sage Arnold (Son) · Capt. William Fitch Arnold (Son) · Sophia Matilda Phipps (Daughter) · Henry Arnold (Son) · Lt. Richard Arnold (Son) · Lt.-Col. George Arnold (Son) · Lt. Edward Shippen Arnold (Son) · Captain Benedict Arnold, VI (Son) · Mary Arnold (Daughter)
Parents: Hannah Arnold (Mother)
Highlights
  • 1776: Arnold was promoted to brigadier general for his role in reaching Quebec, and he maintained an ineffectual siege of the city until he was replaced by Major General David Wooster in April 1776.

  • 1776: General Washington assigned Arnold to the defense of Rhode Island, following the British seizure of Newport in December 1776, where the militia were too poorly equipped to even consider an attack on the British.

  • 1779: Peggy and Arnold married on April 8, 1779.

  • 1780: In July 1780, he was awarded command of West Point.

  • 1780: On August 3, 1780, Arnold obtained command of West Point.

  • 1801: He died after four days of delirium on June 14, 1801, at the age of 60.

wiki/Benedict_Arnold
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Posted in: History Tagged: 1780, 1937, 1942, 1970, ABC, B-29 Superfortress, Benedict Arnold, Boeing, Continental Army, ESPN, history, J R R Tolkien, Monday Night Football, The Hobbit, treason
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