Today in History ^04/23/17

April 23, 2017 by GµårÐïåñ Leave a Comment

William Shakespeare circa 1610 (© Johnny Green/PA Archive/Press Association Images)

(1616) William Shakespeare dies on his birthday

According to tradition, the revered English-language playwright is born on this date in 1564, and he dies on the same date 52 years later. In between, the Stratford-upon-Avon native is credited with writing 38 plays and 154 sonnets that will outlive him by centuries.

William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England’s national poet, and the “Bard of Avon”. His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.

Lived: Apr 23, 1564 – Apr 23, 1616 (age 52)
Height: 6′ 4″ (1.93 m)
Spouse: Anne Hathaway (m. 1582 – 1616)
Children: Susanna Hall (Daughter) · Hamnet Shakespeare (Son) · Judith Quiney (Daughter)
Lyricist for: Romeo and Juliet · Macbeth · A Midsummer Night’s Dream · The Taming of the Shrew · The Comedy of Errors · Titus Andronicus · Antony and Cleopatra · The Two Gentlemen of Verona · Standup Shakespeare
Education: King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon
Highlights
1582: At 18, he married 26-year-old Anne Hathaway, who was pregnant.

1593: In 1593 and 1594, when the theatres were closed because of plague, Shakespeare published two narrative poems on erotic themes, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece.

1596: In 1596, the year before he bought New Place as his family home in Stratford, Shakespeare was living in the parish of St. Helen’s, Bishopsgate, north of the River Thames.

1599: In 1599, two early drafts of sonnets 138 and 144 appeared in The Passionate Pilgrim, published under Shakespeare’s name but without his permission.

1609: Published in 1609, the Sonnets were the last of Shakespeare’s non-dramatic works to be printed.

1616: Shakespeare died on 23 April 1616, at the age of 52.

wiki/William_Shakespeare

Hank Aaron of the Milwaukee Braves in a batting pose in 1954. (© Dwayne Newton/AP)

(1954) Hank Aaron hits his first home run

Aaron hits his first MLB home run, playing for the Milwaukee Braves against the St. Louis Cardinals. ‘Hammerin’ Hank’ would go on to surpass Babe Ruth and retire in 1976 with 755 home runs, setting a record that would stand until 2007.

Henry Louis “Hank” Aaron, nicknamed “Hammer”, or “Hammerin’ Hank”, is a retired American Major League Baseball right fielder who is currently the senior vice president of the Atlanta Braves. He played 21 seasons for the Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves in the National League and 2 seasons for the Milwaukee Brewers in the American League, from 1954 through 1976. Aaron held the MLB record for career home runs for 33 years, and he still holds several MLB offensive records. He hit 24 or more home runs every year from 1955 through 1973, and is one of only two players to hit 30 or more home runs in a season at least fifteen times. In 1999, The Sporting News ranked Aaron fifth on its “100 Greatest Baseball Players” list.

Born: Feb 05, 1934 (age 83) · Mobile, AL
Height: 6′ 0″ (1.83 m)
Spouse: Billye Aaron (m. 1973) · Barbara Lucas (m. 1953 – 1971)
Education: Central High School
Children: Lary Aaron (Son) · Gary Aaron (Son) · Hank Aaron, Jr. (Son) · Dorinda Aaron (Daughter) · Gaile Aaron (Daughter) · Ceci Aaron (Daughter)
Siblings: Tommie Aaron (Brother) · Alfredia Scott (Sister)
Highlights
1953: Hank Aaron married Barbara Lucas on October 06, 1953; their marriage lasted 18 years till February 01, 1971.

1954: He played 21 seasons for the Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves in the National League (NL) and 2 seasons for the Milwaukee Brewers in the American League (AL), from 1954 through 1976.

1969: On July 31, 1969, Aaron hit his 537th home run, passing Mickey Mantle’s total; this moved Aaron into third place on the career home run list, after Willie Mays and Babe Ruth.

1971: At age 37, he hit a career-high 47 home runs during the season (along with a career-high .669 slugging percentage) and finished third in MVP voting for the sixth time.

1973: He hit home run number 713 on September 29, 1973, and with one day remaining in the season, many expected him to tie the record.

1999: In 1999, MLB created the Hank Aaron Award, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Aaron’s surpassing of Babe Ruth’s career home run mark of 714 home runs and to honor Aaron’s contributions to baseball.

wiki/Hank_Aaron

Mark Rudd, a leader of the student protest at Columbia University in New York, being interviewed in April 1968 outside Low Memorial Library, which was occupied by students (© AP )

(1968) Students take over Columbia University in Vietnam protest

Angered at the school’s affiliation with institutions connected to the Vietnam War, students at New York’s prestigious Columbia University stage a mass protest and take control of buildings on campus. Police will later move in to clear the protesters.

The Columbia University protests of 1968 were among the many student demonstrations that occurred around the world in that year. The Columbia protests erupted over the spring of that year after students discovered links between the university and the institutional apparatus supporting the United States’ involvement in the Vietnam War, as well as their concern over an allegedly segregatory gymnasium to be constructed in the nearby Morningside Park. The protests resulted in the student occupation of many university buildings and the eventual violent removal of protesters by the New York City Police Department.

Start date: Mar 27, 1967
End date: Apr 30, 1968

wiki/Columbia_University_protests_of_1968

(2005) Online video mania begins with elephants

An 18-second clip titled, ‘Me at the Zoo,’ is the first video uploaded to YouTube. The clip features YouTube co-founder Jawed Karim admiring elephants at the San Diego Zoo. Though Karim’s video is a far cry from ‘Gangnam Style’ and ‘What Does the Fox Say?’ it will open the floodgates to the now ubiquitous video-sharing site.

YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005. Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google’s subsidiaries. The site allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report and comment on videos, subscribe to other users, and it makes use of WebM, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and Adobe Flash Video technology to display a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos. Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.

Website: www.youtube.com
Customer service: +1 650-253-0000
Founded: Feb 14, 2005 · San Mateo, CA
Headquarters: San Bruno, CA
CEO: Susan Wojcicki (2014)
Founders: Jawed Karim · Steve Chen · Chad Hurley

wiki/YouTube

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Today in History ^04/04/17

April 4, 2017 by GµårÐïåñ Leave a Comment

Los Angeles, California, circa 1857 (© Library of Congress)

(1850) Los Angeles becomes an American city

Settled for millennia by Native Americans, then claimed by the colonial Spanish, and later by Mexico, a dusty ranch town is officially incorporated as the city of Los Angeles. It will go on to be the second-most populous city in the United States.

The written history of Los Angeles city and county began with a small Mexican town that changed little in the three decades after 1848, when California became part of the United States. Much greater changes came from the completion of the Santa Fe railroad line from Chicago to Los Angeles in 1885. Immigrants flooded in, especially white Protestants from the Midwest. Los Angeles had a strong economic base in farming, oil, tourism, real estate and movies. It grew rapidly with many suburban areas inside and outside the city limits. Hollywood made the city world famous, and World War II brought new industry, especially high-tech aircraft construction. Politically the city was moderately conservative, with a weak labor union sector.

Since the 1960s growth has slowed—and traffic delays have become famous. LA was a pioneer in freeway development as the public transit system deteriorated. New arrivals, especially from Mexico and Asia, have transformed the demographic base since the 1960s. Old industries have declined, including farming, oil, military and aircraft, but tourism, entertainment and high tech remain strong.

wiki/History_of_Los_Angeles

1865 engraving of Kennel Club show winners (© Quint Lox Limited/Getty Images)

(1873) Kennel Club purebred dog registry is founded

Seeing the need for formal rules and regulations in the breeding, registry, and showing of pedigreed dogs in the United Kingdom, Sewallis Shirley establishes The Kennel Club with 12 other canine connoisseurs, the first such organization in the world.

The Kennel Club is the official kennel club of the United Kingdom. It is the oldest recognised kennel club in the world. Its role is to act as governing body for various canine activities including dog shows, dog agility and working trials. It also operates the national register of pedigree dogs in the United Kingdom and acts as a lobby group on issues involving dogs in the UK. Its headquarters are located on Clarges Street in Mayfair, London, with business offices in Aylesbury.

Website: www.thekennelclub.org.uk
Founded: 1873
Subsidiary: The Kennel Club Charitable Trust

wiki/The_Kennel_Club

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (center) stands with other civil rights leaders on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 3, 1968, a day before he was assassinated at approximately the same place (© AP)

(1968) Martin Luther King, Jr. assassinated

Visiting Memphis, Tennessee, to support striking workers, civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. is shot and killed as he stands on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel. Months later, James Earl Ray will be charged with the murder.

Martin Luther King Jr. was an American clergyman and civil rights leader who was fatally shot at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. King was rushed to St. Joseph’s Hospital, where he was pronounced dead at 7:05 p.m. that evening. He was a prominent leader of the Civil Rights Movement and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who was known for his use of nonviolence and civil disobedience.

Date: Apr 04, 1968

wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.

Paul Allen, Asymetrix/Vulcan Inc.; Bill Gates, Microsoft; PC Forum, 1987, Phoenix, Arizona (© Ann Yow-Dyson/Getty Images)

(1975) College dropouts start company

Childhood friends Bill Gates and Paul Allen launch the future tech giant in Albuquerque, New Mexico, with Gates as CEO. They initially spell the company’s name as Micro-Soft, a combination of the words ‘microcomputer’ and ‘software,’ but later drop the capital ‘S’ and hyphen. Other names they considered include ‘Outcorporated Inc.’ and ‘Allen & Gates.’

Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington, that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics and personal computers and services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, Microsoft Office office suite, and Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface tablet lineup. As of 2016, it was the world’s largest software maker by revenue, and one of the world’s most valuable companies.

Website: www.microsoft.com
Address: 7525 166th Ave NE, Redmond, WA 98052
Customer service: +1 800-642-7676
Founded: Apr 04, 1975 · Albuquerque, NM
Headquarters: Redmond, WA
CEO: Satya Nadella (2014)

wiki/Microsoft

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Today in History ^04/02/17

April 2, 2017 by GµårÐïåñ Leave a Comment

Portrait of Ludwig van Beethoven, circa 1804, by Joseph Willibrord Mahler (©DeAgostini/Getty Images)

(1800) Vienna premieres Beethoven’s First Symphony

Ludwig van Beethoven is pianist at the debut performance of his First Symphony at the Burgtheater in Vienna, Austria. The 30-year-old composer also plays works by his friend Joseph Haydn and the late Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Ludwig van Beethoven’s Symphony No. 1 in C major, Op. 21, was dedicated to Baron Gottfried van Swieten, an early patron of the composer. The piece was published in 1801 by Hoffmeister & Kühnel of Leipzig. It is not known exactly when Beethoven finished writing this work, but sketches of the finale were found to be from 1795.

Completed: 1800
Composer: Ludwig van Beethoven
Compositional form: Symphony
Key: C major
First performance: Burgtheater

wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Beethoven)

Keir Dullea in a scene from the film '2001: A Space Odyssey' (© Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/Getty Images)

(1968) ‘2001’ opens, causing controversy and blowing minds

Stanley Kubrick’s collaboration with science-fiction master Arthur C. Clarke premieres in Washington, DC, and the movie will go on to garner glowing and glowering reviews in equal measure. It will eventually be hailed as a masterpiece.

Humanity finds a mysterious, obviously artificial object buried beneath the Lunar surface and, with the intelligent computer H.A.L. 9000, sets off on a quest.

Release date: Apr 03, 1968 (United States)
Director: Stanley Kubrick
Gross revenue: $190.70 million USD
Sequel: 2010
Story by: Stanley Kubrick · Arthur C. Clarke
Awards: Academy Award for Best Visual Effects · Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation · BAFTA Award for Best Sound · BAFTA Award for Best Art Direction · Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director
IMDB: www.imdb.com/title/tt0062622

wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(film)

A British soldier stands beside a Union Jack, pinned on the side of a house in Port Stanley, following the retaking of the Falklands by a British Task Force in 1982 (© J/Leonhard/AP)

(1982) Falklands War begins

Britain’s colonial past rears its head when Argentina invades and occupies an archipelago of islands in the South Atlantic they say is rightfully theirs. The British will send troops to hold on to the territory they’ve claimed since the 18th century, and Argentina will surrender by June 14.

The Falklands War, also known as the Falklands Conflict, Falklands Crisis, and the Guerra del Atlántico Sur, was a ten-week war between Argentina and the United Kingdom over two British overseas territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. It began on Friday, 2 April 1982, when Argentina invaded and occupied the Falkland Islands in an attempt to establish the sovereignty it had claimed over them. On 5 April, the British government dispatched a naval task force to engage the Argentine Navy and Air Force before making an amphibious assault on the islands. The conflict lasted 74 days and ended with the Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982, returning the islands to British control. In total, 649 Argentine military personnel, 255 British military personnel, and three Falkland Islanders died during the hostilities.

Start date: Apr 02, 1982
End date: Jun 14, 1982

wiki/Falklands_War

John Gotti in 1990 (© Ron Galella/WireImage/Getty Images)

(1992) The “Teflon Don” is finally convicted

John Gotti, head of the Gambino crime family and famously dapper dresser, is found guilty of homicide, after a history of being acquitted by juries. The charismatic mafia don will spend the rest of his life behind bars.

John Joseph Gotti Jr. was an Italian-American gangster who became boss of the Gambino crime family in New York City. Gotti and his brothers grew up in poverty and turned to a life of crime at an early age. Gotti quickly rose to prominence, becoming one of the crime family’s biggest earners and a protégé of Gambino family underboss Aniello Dellacroce, operating out of the Ozone Park neighborhood of Queens.

Lived: Oct 27, 1940 – Jun 10, 2002 (age 61)
Height: 5′ 10″ (1.78 m)
Spouse: Victoria DiGiorgio (m. 1962 – 2002)
Children: Victoria Gotti (Daughter) · John A. Gotti (Son) · Frank Gotti (Son) · Peter Gotti, Jr. (Son) · Angel Gotti (Daughter)
Siblings: Peter Gotti (Brother) · Gene Gotti (Brother) · Richard V. Gotti (Brother) · Vincent Gotti (Brother)
Parents: John Joseph Gotti, Sr. (Father) · Philomena Gotti
Highlights
1962: John Gotti married Victoria DiGiorgio on March 06, 1962.

1985: After Dellacroce died of cancer on December 2, 1985, Castellano revised his succession plan: appointing Bilotti as underboss to Thomas Gambino as the sole acting boss, while making plans to break up Gotti’s crew.

1986: He was formally acclaimed as the new boss of the Gambino family at a meeting of 20 capos held on January 15, 1986.

1990: On December 11, 1990, FBI agents and New York City detectives raided the Ravenite Social Club, arresting Gotti, Gravano and Frank Locascio.

1991: In 1991, Gravano agreed to turn state’s evidence and testify for the prosecution against Gotti after hearing Gotti on wiretap making several disparaging remarks about Gravano that implicated them both in several murders.

2002: Gotti died of throat cancer on June 10, 2002, at the United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners in Springfield, Missouri.

wiki/John_Gotti

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Today in History ^03/16/17

March 16, 2017 by GµårÐïåñ Leave a Comment

Undated photo of American novelist and short story writer Nathaniel Hawthorne (© Universal History Archive/Getty Images)

(1850) Nathaniel Hawthorne’s morality tale arrives

Massachusetts native Nathaniel Hawthorne, having quit his job at the local customs house, sees his second novel published. The tale of adultery and redemption in Puritan America becomes an immediate bestseller.

The Scarlet Letter: A Romance is an 1850 work of fiction in a historical setting, written by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne. The book is considered to be his “masterwork”. Set in 17th-century Puritan Massachusetts Bay Colony, during the years 1642 to 1649, it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who conceives a daughter through an affair and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. Throughout the book, Hawthorne explores themes of legalism, sin, and guilt.

Authors: Nathaniel Hawthorne · James F. DeMaiolo
First published: 1850
ATOS reading level: 3.60
Characters: Hester Prynne · Roger Chillingworth · Arthur Dimmesdale · Pearl · Gov. Bellingham
Genres: Romanticism · Historical fiction
Adaptations: The Scarlet Letter (1995) · Easy A (2010) · The Scarlet Letter (1973) · The Scarlet Letter (1934) · The Scarlet Letter (1911) · The Scarlet Letter (1913)

wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter

American physicist Robert H. Goddard stands next to the first liquid-propelled rocket prior to its launch in Auburn, MA, March 16, 1926 (© Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

(1926) First successful liquid-fueled rocket test

The Space Age edges closer when scientist Robert Goddard sends a rocket propelled by gasoline and liquid oxygen 41 feet in the air for 2.5 seconds at his Aunt Effie’s farm in Auburn, Massachusetts.

A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket is a rocket engine that uses liquid propellants. Liquids are desirable because their reasonably high density allows the volume of the propellant tanks to be relatively low, and it is possible to use lightweight centrifugal turbopumps to pump the propellant from the tanks into the combustion chamber, which means that the propellants can be kept under low pressure. This permits the use of low-mass propellant tanks, resulting in a high mass ratio for the rocket.

Inventor: Robert H. Goddard

wiki/Liquid-propellant_rocket

Women and children in My Lai, Vietnam, shortly before US soldiers shot and killed them, March 16, 1968 (© Universal History Archive/Getty Images)

(1968) My Lai village massacre in Vietnam

US Army soldiers use machine guns and grenade launchers to kill between 347 and 504 unarmed South Vietnamese civilians, perpetrating what many will deem the worst atrocity by American forces in the war.

The Mỹ Lai Massacre was the Vietnam War mass killing of between 347 and 504 unarmed civilians in South Vietnam on March 16, 1968. It was committed by U.S. Army soldiers from Company C, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade, 23rd Infantry Division. Victims included men, women, children, and infants. Some of the women were gang-raped and their bodies mutilated. Twenty-six soldiers were charged with criminal offenses, but only Lieutenant William Calley Jr., a platoon leader in C Company, was convicted. Found guilty of killing 22 villagers, he was originally given a life sentence, but served only three and a half years under house arrest.

Date: Mar 16, 1968
*** NOTICE:
There are far more graphic images that were excluded for sake of sensitive audiences,
you can view them at the source – if you are so inclined.
***

wiki/My_Lai_Massacre

Terry Anderson, AP's chief correspondent, in a picture released in Beirut, May 16, 1985. Anderson was kidnapped March 16, 1985 in West Beirut. (© AP)

(1985) Journalist Terry Anderson taken hostage in Beirut

The chief Mideast correspondent for the Associated Press, Terry Anderson, is kidnapped off the streets of Beirut, Lebanon, and rushed away in the trunk of a car. He will remain a hostage of Hezbollah for nearly seven years.

Terry A. Anderson is an American journalist. He reported for the Associated Press. In 1985, he was taken hostage by Shiite Hezbollah militants and held until 1991. In 2004, he ran unsuccessfully for the Ohio State Senate.

Born: Oct 27, 1947 (age 69) · Lorain, OH
Spouse: Madeleine Bassil
Founded: Vietnam Children’s Fund
Children: Gabrielle Anderson · Sulome Anderson
Education: Iowa State University
Highlights
1965: He graduated from Batavia High School in 1965.

1983: He then joined the Associated Press, serving in Asia and Africa before being assigned to Lebanon as chief Mideast correspondent in 1983.

1996: His friend, Father Jenco, who died in 1996, also wrote his memoirs, Bound to Forgive, to which Anderson wrote the preface.

2009: In 2009, Anderson joined the faculty of the School of Journalism at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Kentucky.

2013: In 2013, he acted as Honorary Chair of the Committee to Protect Journalists, a non-profit that supports press freedom around the globe.

2014: In 2014, he moved to Gainesville, Florida, to teach a course in International Journalism at the University of Florida.

wiki/Terry_A._Anderson

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Today in History ^01/30/17

January 30, 2017 by GµårÐïåñ

Illustration by Ernest Crofts of King Charles I (center) walking to his execution in 1649 (© The Print Collector/Getty Images)

(1649) England’s King Charles I executed on charge of treason

Controversial from his reign’s start, King Charles clashed frequently with the English parliament, leading to two civil wars, Oliver Cromwell’s rise, and finally to his own beheading.

Charles I was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles was the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He became heir apparent to the English, Irish, and Scottish thrones on the death of his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, in 1612. An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to the Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Anna culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations. Two years later, he married the Bourbon princess Henrietta Maria of France instead.

Lived: Nov 19, 1600 – Jan 30, 1649 (age 48)
Height: 5′ 4″ (1.63 m)
Spouse: Henrietta Maria of France (m. 1625)
Children: Charles II of England (Son) · James II of England (Son) · Elizabeth Stuart (Daughter) · Henrietta of England (Daughter) · Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange (Daughter) · Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester
Parents: James VI and I (Father) · Anne of Denmark (Mother)
Siblings: Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (Brother) · Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia (Sister) · Robert Stuart, Duke of Kintyre and Lorne (Brother)
Highlights
1617: In 1617, the Habsburg Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, a Catholic, was elected king of Bohemia.

1619: In August 1619, the Bohemian diet chose as their monarch Frederick V, who was leader of the Protestant Union, while Ferdinand was elected Holy Roman Emperor in the imperial election.

1623: Charles and the Duke of Buckingham, James’s favourite and a man who had great influence over the prince, travelled incognito to Spain in February 1623 to try to reach agreement on the long-pending Spanish match.

1625: Charles I of England married Henrietta Maria of France on May 11, 1625.

1637: In 1637, the king ordered the use of a new prayer book in Scotland that was almost identical to the English Book of Common Prayer, without consulting either the Scottish Parliament or the Kirk.

1645: At the battle of Naseby on 14 June 1645, Rupert’s horsemen again mounted a successful charge, against the flank of Parliament’s New Model Army, but Charles’s troops elsewhere on the field were pushed back by the opposing forces.

wiki/Charles_I_of_England

Mahatma Gandhi on the day he was shot, Jan. 30, 1948 (© Toronto Star Archives/Getty Images)

(1948) Mahatma Gandhi assassinated

Gandhi, India’s political and spiritual leader whose use of nonviolent civil disobedience led to his country’s independence from British colonial rule, is slain in New Delhi by a Hindu extremist.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, better known as Mahatma Gandhi, was assassinated at the Birla House in New Delhi on 30 January 1948. Gandhi was outside on the steps where a prayer meeting was going to take place, surrounded by a part of his family and some followers, when Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist and prominent member of Hindu Mahasabha, approached and shot him three times in the chest at close range. Gandhi was taken back inside the Birla House, where he died. Godse was arrested, convicted in court and later executed.

Date: Jan 30, 1948

wiki/Assassination_of_Mahatma_Gandhi

American soldiers run for cover as an incoming artillery round explodes nearby on January 30, 1968, in Khe Sanh, Vietnam, at the beginning of the Tet Offensive (© STF/AFP/Getty Image)

(1968) The Tet Offensive begins with surprise attacks

Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces break the holiday truce, launching a widespread military campaign against US and South Vietnamese targets that is among the largest of the Vietnam War.

The Tet Offensive was one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War, launched on January 30, 1968, by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese People’s Army of Vietnam against the forces of the South Vietnamese Army of the Republic of Vietnam, the United States Armed Forces, and their allies. It was a campaign of surprise attacks against military and civilian command and control centers throughout South Vietnam. The name of the offensive comes from the Tết holiday, the Vietnamese New Year, when the first major attacks took place.

Start date: Jan 30, 1968
End date: Sep 23, 1968

wiki/Tet_Offensive

Demonstrators throw objects at British soldiers during a civil rights gathering in Derry, Northern Ireland, on 'Bloody Sunday,' Jan. 30, 1972 (© Gamma-Keystone/Getty Images)

(1972) Northern Ireland suffers ‘Bloody Sunday’

British soldiers fire on unarmed Catholic civil rights protestors during a Derry, Northern Ireland, march, killing 14 and wounding 17. The incident ratchets up tension and strife during The Troubles.

Bloody Sunday – sometimes called the Bogside Massacre – was an incident on 30 January 1972 in the Bogside area of Derry, Northern Ireland, when British soldiers shot 26 unarmed civilians during a peaceful protest march against internment. Fourteen people died: thirteen were killed outright, while the death of another man four months later was attributed to his injuries. Many of the victims were shot while fleeing from the soldiers and some were shot while trying to help the wounded. Other protesters were injured by rubber bullets or batons, and two were run down by army vehicles. The march had been organised by the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association. The soldiers involved were members of the 1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment, also known as “1 Para”.

Date: Jan 30, 1972

LINK

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