(1967) A slave’s grandson makes history at US Supreme Court Thirteen years after he successfully argued in front of the US Supreme Court against racial segregation in the landmark case ‘Brown v. Board of Education,’ Thurgood Marshall is confirmed by the Senate to become the first African American justice on that very same court.Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court’s 96th justice and its first African-American justice.
Lived: Jul 02, 1908 – Jan 24, 1993 (age 84) Spouse: Cecilia Suyat (m. 1955 – 1993) · Vivian Burey (m. 1929 – 1955) Education: Howard University School of Law · Lincoln University · Howard University · Frederick Douglass High School Children: Thurgood Marshall, Jr. (Son) Founded: NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund Parents: Norma Africa Marshall (Mother) · William Marshall (Father)
Highlights
1934: He began his 25-year affiliation with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1934 by representing the organization in the law school discrimination suit Murray v. Pearson.
1936: In 1936, Marshall became part of the national staff of the NAACP.
1955: After her death in February 1955, Marshall married Cecilia Suyat in December of that year.
1955: Thurgood Marshall married Cecilia Suyat on December 01, 1955.
1965: Marshall remained on that court until 1965, when President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him to be the United States Solicitor General, the first African American to hold the office.
1993: Marshall died of heart failure at the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland, at 2:58 pm on January 24, 1993, at the age of 84.
(1880) A South Seas paradise becomes a French colonyKing Pōmare V cedes a 403-square-mile island in the remote South Pacific to France as he abdicates his throne under pressure from his chiefs. Tahiti will be the crown jewel of French Polynesia, but indigenous Tahitians will have to wait until 1946 for full French citizenship.Tahiti is the largest island in the Windward group of French Polynesia; this overseas collectivity of the French Republic is sometimes referred to as a French overseas country. The island is located in the archipelago of the Society Islands in the central Southern Pacific Ocean, and is divided into two parts: The bigger, northwestern part Tahiti Nui and the smaller, southeastern part Tahiti Iti. The island was formed from volcanic activity and is high and mountainous with surrounding coral reefs. The population is 183,645 inhabitants, making it the most populous island of French Polynesia and accounting for 68.5 percent of its total population.
Population: 183,645 (2012) Travel tip: The unique and ubiquitous island of Tahiti is world -renowned for its Polynesian charm, colorful culture and romantic ambiance. The grass-skirted hip shaking of Tahitian dance is sure to get your toes tapping and heart thumping—let the celebratory vibe of this magical locale rejuvenate and excite you to the core. Warm … @tripadvisor Area: 403.48 sq miles (1,045 km²) Island groups: Society Islands · Windward Islands Location: Pacific Ocean Points of interest: Paul Gauguin Museum · Robert Wan Pearl Museum
wiki/Tahiti(1943) A president reassures physicist working on The BombA clash between General Leslie Groves and physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer threatens to derail a top-secret American military project in the New Mexico desert, and President Franklin Roosevelt intervenes with a letter of heartfelt support written to get the Manhattan Project back on track.
The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District; “Manhattan” gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys. The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US $2 billion (about $27 billion in 2016 dollars). Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and to produce fissile material, with less than 10% for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada.
Two types of atomic bombs were developed concurrently during the war: a relatively simple gun-type fission weapon and a more complex implosion-type nuclear weapon. The Thin Man gun-type design proved impractical to use with plutonium so a simpler gun-type called Little Boy was developed that used uranium-235, an isotope that makes up only 0.7 percent of natural uranium. Chemically identical to the most common isotope, uranium-238, and with almost the same mass, it proved difficult to separate the two. Three methods were employed for uranium enrichment: electromagnetic, gaseous and thermal. Most of this work was performed at the Clinton Engineer Works at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
In parallel with the work on uranium was an effort to produce plutonium. After the feasibility of the world’s first artificial nuclear reactor was demonstrated in Chicago at the Metallurgical Laboratory, it designed the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge and the production reactors in Hanford, Washington, in which uranium was irradiated and transmuted into plutonium. The plutonium was then chemically separated from the uranium. The Fat Man implosion-type weapon was developed in a concerted design and development effort by the Los Alamos Laboratory.
The project was also charged with gathering intelligence on the German nuclear weapon project. Through Operation Alsos, Manhattan Project personnel served in Europe, sometimes behind enemy lines, where they gathered nuclear materials and documents, and rounded up German scientists. Despite the Manhattan Project’s tight security, Soviet atomic spies still penetrated the program.
The first nuclear device ever detonated was an implosion-type bomb at the Trinity test, conducted at New Mexico’s Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range on 16 July 1945. Little Boy and Fat Man bombs were used a month later in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively. In the immediate postwar years, the Manhattan Project conducted weapons testing at Bikini Atoll as part of Operation Crossroads, developed new weapons, promoted the development of the network of national laboratories, supported medical research into radiology and laid the foundations for the nuclear navy. It maintained control over American atomic weapons research and production until the formation of the United States Atomic Energy Commission in January 1947.
wiki/Manhattan_Project(1967) Nonexistent pot and four uppers nail Jagger and RichardsA salacious trial in England wraps up after a drug bust at Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richard’s home. No “indian hemp” was actually found, and singer Mick Jagger had only four amphetamine pills, but they’re both convicted and sentenced to prison, Jagger for three months and Richards a year. They’ll spend just two days in prison before the convictions are thrown out.(1995) Statecraft in space as an American shuttle meets the MirFor the first time in history a US space shuttle docks with a Russian space station, as Atlantis shuttle commander Robert ‘Hoot’ Gibson pilots his craft at 17,500 mph to dock with the massive Mir space station. Their meeting creates the largest manmade object ever to orbit the earth.
The Shuttle–Mir Program was a collaborative space program between Russia and the United States, which involved American Space Shuttles visiting the Russian space station Mir, Russian cosmonauts flying on the shuttle, and an American astronaut flying aboard a Soyuz spacecraft to engage in long-duration expeditions aboard Mir.
The project, sometimes called “Phase One”, was intended to allow the United States to learn from Russian experience with long-duration spaceflight and to foster a spirit of cooperation between the two nations and their space agencies, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roskosmos). The project helped to prepare the way for further cooperative space ventures; specifically, “Phase Two” of the joint project, the construction of the International Space Station (ISS). The program was announced in 1993, the first mission started in 1994 and the project continued until its scheduled completion in 1998. Eleven Space Shuttle missions, a joint Soyuz flight and almost 1000 cumulative days in space for American astronauts occurred over the course of seven long-duration expeditions.
During the four-year program, many firsts in spaceflight were achieved by the two nations, including the first American astronaut to launch aboard a Soyuz spacecraft, the largest spacecraft ever to have been assembled at that time in history, and the first American spacewalk using a Russian Orlan spacesuit.
The program was marred by various concerns, notably the safety of Mir following a fire and a collision, financial issues with the cash-strapped Russian Space Program and worries from astronauts about the attitudes of the program administrators. Nevertheless, a large amount of science, expertise in space station construction and knowledge in working in a cooperative space venture was gained from the combined operations, allowing the construction of the ISS to proceed much more smoothly than would have otherwise been the case.
(1884) A new thrill ride debuts at Coney IslandA nickel gets you on Coney Island’s Switchback Railway, a new amusement park ride carrying passengers on an undulating railroad track at up to 6 mph, running a length of 600 feet and an overall drop of 43 feet. America’s first roller coaster will be a hit, spawning ever-bigger thrills.The original Switchback Railway at Coney Island was the first roller coaster designed as an amusement ride in America. It was designed by LaMarcus Adna Thompson in 1881 and constructed in 1884. It appears Thompson based his design, at least in part, on the Mauch Chunk Switchback Railway which was a coal-mining train that had started carrying passengers as a thrill ride in 1827.
Opened: Jun 16, 1884 Height: 50′ 0″ (15.24 m) Max speed: 6.03 mph (9.70 km/h) G-force: 2.90 g Track length: 600 feet (182.88 m) Duration: 1 minutes
wiki/Switchback_Railway(1911) Early computing companies merge to form a tech powerhouseCharles Flint founds the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (C-T-R) after merging smaller specialized firms, some of which got their start inventing new computing technology to tabulate the 1890 US Census. C-T-R will be renamed International Business Machines (IBM) in 1924.International Business Machines, or IBM, nicknamed “Big Blue”, is a multinational computer technology and IT consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. The company is one of the few information technology companies with a continuous history dating back to the 19th century. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and offers infrastructure services, hosting services, and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. Ginni Rometty is the president, chairman and CEO of IBM. wiki/History_of_IBM(1963) Soviet cosmonaut is the first woman in spaceBorn into a decidedly earthbound proletariat family in rural Russia, Valentina Tereshkova has been chosen from over 400 applicants to become the world’s first woman in space. She will orbit Earth 48 times on a flight lasting almost three days, and parachute into re-entry at 20,000 feet.Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova is a retired Russian cosmonaut and politician. She is the first woman to have flown in space, having been selected from more than 400 applicants and five finalists to pilot Vostok 6 on 16 June 1963. She completed 48 orbits of the Earth in her three days in space.
Born: Mar 06, 1937 (age 80) · Bolshoye Maslennikovo, Russia Spouse: Yuli Shaposhnikov · Andriyan Nikolayev (m. 1963 – 1982) Children: Elena Andrianovna Nikolaeva-Tereshkova (Daughter) Space missions: Vostok 6 Parents: Elena Fyodorovna Tereshkova (Mother) · Vladimir Tereshkov (Father)
Highlights
1962: On 16 February 1962, Valentina Tereshkova was selected to join the female cosmonaut corps.
1963: She is the first woman to have flown in space, having been selected from more than 400 applicants and five finalists to pilot Vostok 6 on 16 June 1963.
1963: Valentina Tereshkova married Andriyan Nikolayev on November 03, 1963; their marriage lasted 19 years till 1982.
1982: She and Nikolayev divorced in 1982.
1997: In 1997, London-based electronic pop group Komputer released a song entitled “Valentina” which gives a more-or-less direct account of her career as a cosmonaut.
1997: In 1997, she was retired from the Russian Air Force and the cosmonaut corps by presidential order.
wiki/Valentina_Tereshkova(1967) The counterculture comes together for music at MontereyKicking off the Summer of Love, the Monterey Pop Festival will blow everyone’s minds with a roster of new rock stars including The Who, Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, and soul superstar Otis Redding. A young guitarist, Jimi Hendrix, will literally be the show’s hottest act.The Monterey International Pop Music Festival was a three-day concert event held June 16 to June 18, 1967 at the Monterey County Fairgrounds in Monterey, California. Crowd estimates for the festival have ranged from 25,000-90,000 people, who congregated in and around the festival grounds. The fairgrounds’ enclosed performance arena, where the music took place, had an approved festival capacity of 7,000, but it was estimated that 8,500 jammed into it for Saturday night’s show, with many extra attendees standing around the sides of the arena. Festival-goers who wanted to see the musical performances were required to have either an ‘all-festival’ ticket or a separate ticket for each of the five scheduled concert events they wanted to attend in the arena: Friday night, Saturday afternoon and night, and Sunday afternoon and night. Ticket prices varied by seating area, and ranged from $3 to $6.50. wiki/Monterey_Pop_Festival4.2.m17
(1514) Europe’s largest warship is dedicated in EnglandEngland’s Woolwich Dockyard launches King Henry VII’s flagship, the ‘Henry Grace à Dieu,’ a 165-foot-long carrack, or “great ship,” fitted with 43 cannons and 141 swivel guns. The ‘Great Harry’ holds a complement of up to 1,000 sailors and at over 1,000 tons is Europe’s biggest warship.Henry Grace à Dieu, also known as Great Harry, was an English carrack or “great ship” of the King’s Fleet in the 16th century. Contemporary with the Mary Rose, Henry Grace à Dieu was even larger. The Great Harry was Henry VIII’s flagship. She had a large forecastle four decks high, and a stern castle two decks high. She was 165 feet long, weighing 1,000–1,500 tons and having a complement of 700–1,000 men. It is said that she was ordered by Henry VIII in response to construction of the Scottish ship Michael, launched in 1511.
Launched: 1514
wiki/Henry_Grace_à_Dieu(1777) A teenage Frenchman arrives in America to help the PatriotsGilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, disembarks in America after a two-month sea voyage from France. The wealthy 19-year-old will befriend future presidents Washington and Jefferson, and help train and lead revolutionary regiments against the British in America’s War of Independence.Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, in the U.S. often known simply as Lafayette, was a French aristocrat and military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War. A close friend of George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Jefferson, Lafayette was a key figure in the French Revolution of 1789 and the July Revolution of 1830.
Born: Sep 06, 1757 · Chavaniac-Lafayette, France Died: May 20, 1834 · Paris, France Spouse: Adrienne de La Fayette (m. 1774 – 1807) Children: Georges Washington de La Fayette (Son) · Marie Antoinette Virginie Motier de la Fayette (Daughter) · Anastasie Louise Pauline du Motier de La Fayette (Daughter) · Henriette du Motier de La Fayette (Daughter) Buried: Picpus Cemetery Parents: Michel du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette (Father) · Marie Louise Jolie de La Rivière (Mother)
Highlights
1774: Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette married Adrienne de La Fayette on April 11, 1774; their marriage lasted 33 years till December 24, 1807.
1781: In 1781, troops in Virginia under his command blocked forces led by Cornwallis until other American and French forces could position themselves for the decisive Siege of Yorktown.
1781: On 14 September 1781, Washington’s forces joined Lafayette’s.
1797: Lafayette returned to France after Napoleon Bonaparte secured his release in 1797, though he refused to participate in Napoleon’s government.
1799: In the United States, President Jackson ordered that Lafayette receive the same memorial honors that had been bestowed on Washington’s death in December 1799.
1834: On 20 May 1834, Lafayette died on 6 rue d’Anjou-Saint-Honoré in Paris (now 8 rue d’Anjou in the 8th arrondissement of Paris) at the age of 76.
wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette(1967) Thurgood Marshall nominated to US Supreme CourtStating it’s “the right thing to do, the right time to do it, the right man and the right place,” President Lyndon Johnson nominates Solicitor General Thurgood Marshall to the US Supreme Court. The first African American nominee will be confirmed and serve 24 years on the court.Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court’s 96th justice and its first African-American justice.
Lived: Jul 02, 1908 – Jan 24, 1993 (age 84) Spouse: Cecilia Suyat (m. 1955 – 1993) · Vivian Burey (m. 1929 – 1955) Education: Howard University School of Law · Lincoln University · Howard University · Frederick Douglass High School Children: Thurgood Marshall, Jr. (Son) Founded: NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund Parents: Norma Africa Marshall (Mother) · William Marshall (Father)
Highlights
1934: He began his 25-year affiliation with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1934 by representing the organization in the law school discrimination suit Murray v. Pearson.
1936: In 1936, Marshall became part of the national staff of the NAACP.
1955: After her death in February 1955, Marshall married Cecilia Suyat in December of that year.
1955: Thurgood Marshall married Cecilia Suyat on December 01, 1955.
1965: Marshall remained on that court until 1965, when President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him to be the United States Solicitor General, the first African American to hold the office.
1993: Marshall died of heart failure at the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland, at 2:58 pm on January 24, 1993, at the age of 84.
wiki/Thurgood_Marshall(1971) NY Times prints top-secret Defense Department report The first excerpt of a leaked government report detailing US involvement in Vietnam is published on the front page of the New York Times. The top-secret ‘Pentagon Papers’ will expose secret bombing campaigns, government lies, and motivations behind the Vietnam War never before revealed to the public.The Pentagon Papers, officially titled United States – Vietnam Relations, 1945–1967: A Study Prepared by the Department of Defense, is a United States Department of Defense history of the United States’ political-military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. The papers were released by Daniel Ellsberg, who had worked on the study; they were first brought to the attention of the public on the front page of The New York Times in 1971. A 1996 article in The New York Times said that the Pentagon Papers had demonstrated, among other things, that the Johnson Administration “systematically lied, not only to the public but also to Congress”.
(1956) The Milton Berle Show features a scandalous ElvisNew singing sensation Elvis Presley makes his second appearance on NBC’s ‘Milton Berle Show,’ this time to perform his single ‘Hound Dog.’ Teenagers swoon, while the older set and most critics are outraged at Presley’s indecent gyrations. Future TV gigs will film Elvis from the waist up.Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer-songwriter and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as the “King of Rock and Roll” or simply “the King”.
Lived: Jan 08, 1935 – Aug 16, 1977 (age 42) Height: 6′ 0″ (1.82 m) Spouse: Priscilla Presley (m. 1967 – 1973) Partner: Linda Thompson (1972 – 1976) Children: Lisa Marie Presley (Daughter) Buried: Graceland
wiki/Elvis_Presley(1963) ‘Profumo Affair’ rocks the British governmentTeenage showgirls, possible prostitution, and the British War Secretary sharing a lover with a Soviet diplomat are the ingredients in a stew of a scandal forcing the resignation of John Profumo, and ultimately leading to the fall of Prime Minister Harold Macmillan’s Conservative government.The Profumo affair was a British political scandal that originated with a brief sexual relationship in 1961 between John Profumo, the Secretary of State for War in Harold Macmillan’s government, and Christine Keeler, a 19-year-old would-be model. In March 1963, Profumo denied any impropriety in a personal statement to the House of Commons, but was forced to admit the truth a few weeks later. He resigned from the government and from Parliament. The repercussions of the affair severely damaged Macmillan’s self-confidence, and he resigned as prime minister on health grounds in October 1963. His Conservative Party was marked by the scandal, which may have contributed to its defeat by Labour in the 1964 general election. wiki/Profumo_affair(1967) Israel launches preemptive attack on Egyptian air powerCiting an Arab military build-up near its border with Egypt, Israel launches air strikes on Egyptian airfields, destroying upwards of 400 aircraft. The Six-Day War will grow to include Syria and Jordan, and Israel will capture the Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights.The Six-Day War, also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War, or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between June 5 and 10, 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria.
Start date: Jun 05, 1967 End date: Jun 10, 1967
wiki/Six-Day_War(1968) Robert F. Kennedy brought down by assassin’s bulletsPresidential candidate Robert Kennedy is shot three times as he departs the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles after giving a victory speech following his California Democratic Primary win. He will die the next day from his wounds, almost five years after his brother John was assassinated.On June 5, 1968, presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy was fatally shot at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, shortly after winning the California presidential primaries in the 1968 election, and died the next day while hospitalized.
(1967) A slave’s grandson makes history at US Supreme Court 
!['Great Harry' launched - Lafayette lands in America - Court nod for Marshall]](https://majormike.us/mmb-wp-content/uploads/2017/06/061317.1.jpg)
