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Major Mike

Knowledge is Power - Share the Power

1961

Today in History 12/15 (Sitting Bull)

December 15, 2018 by GµårÐïåñ
Portrait of Sitting Bull (© O.S. Goff/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)(1890) Sioux Chief Sitting Bull is killed by police
Indian agency police shoot the powerful holy man in the head and chest during a scuffle at his reservation cabin as they attempted to arrest him. Local authorities thought Sitting Bull was behind the growing Ghost Dance movement, which they feared would spark an Indian uprising.
Sitting Bull was a Hunkpapa Lakota leader who led his people during years of resistance to United States government policies. He was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation during an attempt to arrest him, at a time when authorities feared that he would join the Ghost Dance movement.
Lived: 1831 – Dec 15, 1890
Height: 5′ 9″
Spouse: Snow-on-Her · Seen-by-her-Nation · Light Hair · Four Robes
Children: Crow Foot (Son) · Many Horses (Daughter)
Parents: Jumping Bull (Father) · Her-Holy-Door (Mother)
Siblings: Spotted Elk (Brother)
Highlights
  • 1874: Although Sitting Bull did not attack Custer’s expedition in 1874, the US government was increasingly pressured by citizens to open the Black Hills to mining and settlement.

  • 1875: In 1875, the Northern Cheyenne, Hunkpapa, Oglala, Sans Arc, and Minneconjou camped together for a Sun Dance, with both the Cheyenne medicine man White Bull or Ice and Sitting Bull in association.

  • 1876: About three weeks later, the confederated Lakota tribes with the Northern Cheyenne defeated the 7th Cavalry under Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer on June 25, 1876, annihilating Custer’s battalion and seeming to bear out Sitting Bull’s prophetic vision.

  • 1881: On August 26, 1881, he was visited by census taker William T. Selwyn, who counted twelve people in the Hunkpapa leader’s immediate family.

  • 1884: In 1884 show promoter Alvaren Allen asked Agent James McLaughlin to allow Sitting Bull to tour parts of Canada and the northern United States.

  • 1885: In 1885, Sitting Bull was allowed to leave the reservation to go Wild Westing with Buffalo Bill Cody’s Buffalo Bill’s Wild West.

Sitting Bull (Tatonka-I-Yatanka), a Hunkpapa Sioux, 1885
Sitting Bull, 1885
wiki/Sitting_Bull
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(1890) Sioux Chief Sitting Bull is killed by police.
Also on this day,

1791 | The Bill of Rights is ratified and becomes law
When Virginia ratifies the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution, the Bill of Rights passes the threshold of state ratifications needed to make the amendments law, and the young nation now has codified the freedom of speech, press, and religion, among other bedrock rights of the American system.
1961 | Nazi SS officer Adolf Eichmann sentenced to die
As one of the main organizers of WWII’s Nazi Holocaust, which killed 6 million Jews as well as many others, the former SS officer is to be hanged for war crimes. After the war, Eichmann escaped a prison camp and fled to Argentina, a safe harbor for ex-Nazis. But on May 11, 1960, Mossad agents abducted him and smuggled him to Israel for trial.
1979 | Trivial Pursuit invented as two Canadian friends devise board game
When photo editor Chris Haney and reporter Scott Abbott sit down for a night of Scrabble, they find some tiles missing and so instead sketch out an idea for a game based on inconsequential facts, trivia. When Trivial Pursuit rolls out commercially, it will become one of the most successful board games ever.

Today in History 12/15/17

Painting of the signing of the US Constitution (© MPI/Getty Images)(1791) The Bill of Rights is ratified and becomes law
When Virginia ratifies the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution, the Bill of Rights passes the threshold of state ratifications needed to make the amendments law, and the young nation now has codified the freedom of speech, press, and religion, among other bedrock rights of the American system.

The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the oftentimes bitter 1787–88 battle over ratification of the U.S. Constitution, and crafted to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people. The concepts codified in these amendments are built upon those found in several earlier documents, including the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the English Bill of Rights 1689, along with earlier documents such as Magna Carta (1215). In practice, the amendments had little impact on judgements by the courts for the first 150 years after ratification.

On June 8, 1789, Representative James Madison introduced nine amendments to the constitution in the House of Representatives. Among his recommendations Madison proposed opening up the Constitution and inserting specific rights limiting the power of Congress in Article One, Section 9. Seven of these limitations would become part of the ten ratified Bill of Rights amendments. Ultimately, on September 25, 1789, Congress approved twelve articles of amendment to the Constitution, each consisting of one one-sentence paragraph, and submitted them to the states for ratification. Contrary to Madison's original proposal that the articles be incorporated into the main body of the Constitution, they were proposed as supplemental additions (codicils) to it. Articles Three through Twelve were ratified as additions to the Constitution on December 15, 1791, and became Amendments One through Ten of the Constitution. Article Two became part of the Constitution on May 5, 1992, as the Twenty-seventh Amendment. Article One is technically still pending before the states.

Although Madison's proposed amendments included a provision to extend the protection of some of the Bill of Rights to the states, the amendments that were finally submitted for ratification applied only to the federal government. The door for their application upon state governments was opened in the 1860s, following ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment. Since the early 20th century both federal and state courts have used the Fourteenth Amendment to apply portions of the Bill of Rights to state and local governments. The process is known as incorporation.

There are several original engrossed copies of the Bill of Rights still in existence. One of these is on permanent public display at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.


Bill of Rights Pg 1 of 1
The Bill of Rights, twelve articles of amendment to the to the United States Constitution proposed in 1789, ten of which, Articles three through twelve, became part of the United States Constitution in 1791. Note that the First Amendment is actually "Article the third" on the document, Second Amendment is "Article the fourth", and so on. "Article the second" is now the 27th Amendment. "Article the first" has not been ratified.

wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights
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Posted in: History Tagged: 1791, 1890, 1961, 1979, Adolf Eichmann, Bill of Rights, Chief Sitting Bull, Chris Haney, Ghost Dance, history, Nazi, Scott Abbott, Sioux, Trivial Pursuit, United States, US Constitution, World War II

Today in History 11/29 (Trans-Canada Air Lines)

November 29, 2018 by GµårÐïåñ
Wreckage of the Trans-Canada Airlines DC-8 jetliner near Ste. Therese, north of Montreal (© AP)(1963) Canadian plane crash brings calls for “black boxes” on flights
Shortly after takeoff, Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 831 plummets into a field near Montreal, killing all 118 people aboard. The DC8 lacks a flight data recorder, which will complicate finding the precise cause of the crash, spurring the push for “black boxes” to be on all Canadian commercial flights.
Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 831 was a flight from Montréal–Dorval Airport to Toronto International Airport on November 29, 1963. The aircraft was a four-engine Douglas DC-8-54CF airliner, registered CF-TJN. About five minutes after takeoff in poor weather, the jet crashed about 20 miles north of Montreal, near Ste-Thérèse-de-Blainville, Quebec, Canada, killing all 118 people on board: 111 passengers and 7 crew members. The crash was the deadliest in Canadian history at that time. It was also the worst crash of DC-8 at the time, and, as of 2016, the sixth worst.
Fatalities: 118
Date: Nov 29, 1963
Flight origin: Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport
Destination: Toronto Pearson International Airport
Survivors: 0
Passengers: 111

Trans Canada Air Lines Douglas DC-8-54CF (CF-TJN) at London Heathrow Airport. This aircraft crashed on 29 November 1963, only several months after this photo as taken
Trans Canada Air Lines Douglas DC-8-54CF (CF-TJN) at London Heathrow Airport. This aircraft crashed on 29 November 1963, only several months after this photo as taken.
wiki/Trans-Canada_Air_Lines_Flight_831
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(1963) Canadian plane crash brings calls for “black boxes” on flights.
Also on this day,

1947 | UN approves Jewish state as it calls for Palestine to be split between Arabs and Jews
The UN General Assembly resolution recommends the creation of an independent Jewish state in Palestine. The resolution also mandates control of Jerusalem and a timeline for the withdrawal of British forces. The Palestine civil war will break out shortly after the resolution passes.
1961 | Enos the chimp is launched in space and orbits Earth
Having completed 1,250 hours of training, Enos takes off from Cape Canaveral aboard the Mercury-Atlas 5, becoming the first chimp to successfully orbit the Earth. He’ll take two spins around the globe before splashing down near Bermuda. On the rescue boat, Enos will jump for joy and shake hands with his rescuers.
1981 | Star of ‘West Side Story,’ Natalie Wood, drowns
The bruised body of the 43-year-old actress is found floating face down near Catalina Island, California. She had been staying on a yacht with her husband, actor Robert Wagner, and her co-star in the film “Brainstorm,” Christopher Walken. Wood’s death is ruled an accident, but later is changed to “undetermined.”

Today in History 11/29/17

Enos being prepared for insertion into the Mercury-Atlas 5 capsule in 1961 (© NASA)(1961) Enos the chimp is launched in space and orbits Earth
Having completed 1,250 hours of training, Enos takes off from Cape Canaveral aboard the Mercury-Atlas 5, becoming the first chimp to successfully orbit the Earth. He'll take two spins around the globe before splashing down near Bermuda. On the rescue boat, Enos will jump for joy and shake hands with his rescuers.
Enos was the second chimpanzee launched into space by NASA. He was the first chimpanzee, and third hominid after cosmonauts Yuri Gagarin and Gherman Titov, to achieve Earth orbit. Enos' flight occurred on November 29, 1961.
Died: Nov 04, 1962
Space missions: Mercury-Atlas 5
Space agency: NASA

Mercury-Atlas 5 Enos with handler
Chimpanzee Enos with handler before Mercury-Atlas 5 flight Enos became the first chimp to orbit the earth on November 29, 1961, aboard a Mercury Atlas rocket. Although the mission plan originally called for three orbits, due to a malfunctioning thruster and other technical difficulties, flight controllers were forced to terminate Enos' flight after two orbits. Enos landed in the recovery area and was picked up 75 minutes after splashdown. He was found to be in good overall condition and both he and the Mercury spacecraft performed well. His mission concluded the testing for a human orbital flight, achieved by John Glenn on February 20, 1962. Enos died at Holloman Air Force Base of a non-space related case of dysentery 11 months after his flight. For more information about Enos and other animals who have made the journey into space, visit: history.nasa.gov/animals.html

wiki/Enos_(chimpanzee)
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Posted in: History Tagged: 1947, 1961, 1963, 1981, Arabs, black box, Canadian, Christopher Walken, Earth, Enos, history, Jews, Mercury-Atlantis 5, Montreal, NASA, Natalie Wood, Palestine, Partition Plan, Robert Wagner, Trans-Canada Air Lines, United Nations, West Side Story
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