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Major Mike

Knowledge is Power - Share the Power

1938

Today in History 11/09 (Kristallnacht)

November 9, 2018 by GµårÐïåñ
Pedestrians glance at the broken windows of a Jewish-owned shop in Berlin after the attacks of Kristallnacht on November 9, 1938 (© Universal History Archive/Getty Images)(1938) Nazis launch ‘Kristallnacht’ terror campaign
Nazis attack Jews and loot and burn their businesses and synagogues in a coordinated and widespread campaign throughout Germany and Austria. The event, later known as ‘Kristallnacht’ or the ‘the night of broken glass,’ will portend an even greater horror, the Holocaust.
Kristallnacht or Reichskristallnacht, also referred to as the Night of Broken Glass, Reichspogromnacht or simply Pogromnacht, and Novemberpogrome, was a pogrom against Jews throughout Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938, carried out by SA paramilitary forces and German civilians. The German authorities looked on without intervening. The name Kristallnacht comes from the shards of broken glass that littered the streets after the windows of Jewish-owned stores, buildings, and synagogues were smashed.
Start date: Nov 09, 1938
End date: Nov 10, 1938
Location: Free City of Danzig
Target: Jewish people
Attack type: Pogrom, looting, arson, mass murder, state terrorism
Deaths: 91+

Interior of Berlin's Fasanenstrasse Synagogue, opened in 1912, after it was set on fire during Kristallnacht on November 9, 1938. It was destroyed entirely during an Allied air raid on Berlin in 1943, and a Jewish Community Center was opened in its place in 1959
The interior of the Fasanenstrasse Synagogue in Berlin after Kristallnacht
wiki/Kristallnacht
4.15.A18

(1938) Nazis launch ‘Kristallnacht’ terror campaign.
Also on this day,

1960 | Ford under McNamara as McNamara takes over at Ford Motor Co.
One of Ford’s ‘Whiz Kids,’ who helped save the struggling carmaker in the 1940s, Robert McNamara is the first president of the company not named Ford. His tenure as president will last only a few weeks, however, as he’ll soon be tapped to join the newly elected Kennedy administration.
1989 | Fall of the Berlin Wall as East Germany lets the Berlin Wall come down
East German officials have bowed to pressure and lifted travel restrictions to the West. Thousands of Berliners from both sides swarm the wall and cheer the destruction of the 12-foot high barrier that had separated them for over 30 years.
2004 | Astros pitcher Roger Clemens wins his seventh Cy Young Award
Nicknamed ‘Rocket,’ Clemens sets a record for the most Cy Young Awards of any major league pitcher, adding another accolade to an impressive career. A steroid scandal a few years later, however, will taint Clemens’ accomplishments.

Today in History 11/09/17

West Berliners crowd in front of the Berlin Wall in November, 1989, as they watch East German border guards demolish a section of the wall (© Gerard Malie/AFP/Getty Images)(1989) East Germany lets the Berlin Wall come down
East German officials have bowed to pressure and lifted travel restrictions to the West. Thousands of Berliners from both sides swarm the wall and cheer the destruction of the 12-foot high barrier that had separated them for over 30 years.
The Berlin Wall was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. Constructed by the German Democratic Republic, starting on 13 August 1961, the Wall completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989. Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and finished in 1992. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, accompanied by a wide area that contained anti-vehicle trenches, "fakir beds" and other defenses. The Eastern Bloc portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.
Address: Bernauer Straße 111, Berlin
Phone: 030 3087770
Construction started: Aug 13, 1961
Destroyed: Nov 09, 1989

Berlin-wall-map
Map of the Berlin Wall, showing checkpoints.

wiki/Berlin_Wall
4.6.n17


Posted in: History Tagged: 1938, 1960, 1989, 2004, Austria, Berlin Wall, Cy Young Awards, East Germany, Ford Motor Company, Germany, history, Houston Astros, Jewish, Kristallnacht, Nazi, Robert McNamara, Roger Clemens

Today in History 11/01 (Seabiscuit)

November 1, 2018 by GµårÐïåñ
Seabiscuit and jockey George Woolf lead War Admiral and jockey Charles Kurtsinger in the first turn at the race at Pimlico in Baltimore, Maryland, on November 1, 1938 (© AP)(1938) Seabiscuit defeats War Admiral
‘The Match of the Century’ pits the small and scrappy thoroughbred racehorse Seabiscuit against the regal Triple Crown-winner War Admiral. Seabiscuit beats the favorite by four lengths and will be named the American Horse of the Year.
Seabiscuit was a champion thoroughbred racehorse in the United States, who became the top money winning racehorse up to the 1940s, as noted in films and books. He beat the 1937 Triple-Crown winner, War Admiral, by 4 lengths in a 2-horse special at Pimlico, and was voted American Horse of the Year for 1938.
Height: 5′ 2″
Lived: May 23, 1933 · May 17, 1947
Weight: 1,199 pound
Parents: Hard Tack · Swing On
Movies: The Story of Seabiscuit · The True Story of Seabiscuit
Birth place: Kentucky

Seabiscuit wins the Santa Anita Handicap
Seabiscuit winning the Santa Anita Handicap in 1940
wiki/Seabiscuit
4.15.A18

(1938) Seabiscuit defeats War Admiral.
Also on this day,

1512 | Sistine Chapel ceiling as Michelangelo’s masterpiece opens to the public
Four years in the making, Michelangelo’s masterpiece covers over 5,000 square feet of the papal chapel’s arched ceiling. The depictions of hundreds of human figures in various poses will be hugely influential for centuries to come.
1765 | Britain imposes Stamp Act and new British tax leads to charges of ‘taxation without representation’
The new tax forces colonists in British America to pay a fee on legal documents and other papers to help fund British forces in North America. Colonists vehemently oppose the tax, organizing a resistance that will presage the American Revolution.
1990 | Cultures celebrated as National American Indian Heritage Month first observed
On August 3, President George H.W. Bush had approved a joint resolution designating November 1990 as National American Indian Heritage Month to celebrate native cultures, traditions, and history. Future presidents will reiterate the proclamation, changing the name to Native American Heritage Month.

Today in History 11/01/17

Armed escort for stamped paper after the passage of the Stamp Act in New York, 1765 (© Culture Club/Getty Images)(1765) New British tax leads to charges of 'taxation without representation'
The new tax forces colonists in British America to pay a fee on legal documents and other papers to help fund British forces in North America. Colonists vehemently oppose the tax, organizing a resistance that will presage the American Revolution.

The Stamp Act of 1765 (short title Duties in American Colonies Act 1765; 5 George III, c. 12) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain that imposed a direct tax on the colonies of British America and required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London, carrying an embossed revenue stamp. Printed materials included legal documents, magazines, playing cards, newspapers, and many other types of paper used throughout the colonies. Like previous taxes, the stamp tax had to be paid in valid British currency, not in colonial paper money. The purpose of the tax was to help pay for troops stationed in North America after the British victory in the Seven Years' War and its North American theater of the French and Indian War. The Americans said that there was no military need for the soldiers because there were no foreign enemies on the continent, and the Americans had always protected themselves against Indians. They suggested that it was actually a matter of British patronage to surplus British officers and career soldiers who should be paid by London.

The Stamp Act was very unpopular among colonists. A consensus considered it a violation of their rights as Englishmen to be taxed without their consent—consent that only the colonial legislatures could grant. Their slogan was "No taxation without representation." Colonial assemblies sent petitions and protests. The Stamp Act Congress held in New York City was the first significant joint colonial response to any British measure; it petitioned Parliament and the King. Local protest groups led by colonial merchants and landowners established connections through Committees of Correspondence, creating a loose coalition that extended from New England to Maryland. Protests and demonstrations initiated by a new secret organization called the Sons of Liberty often turned violent and destructive as the masses became involved. Very soon, all stamp tax distributors were intimidated into resigning their commissions, and the tax was never effectively collected.

Opposition to the Stamp Act was not limited to the colonies. British merchants and manufacturers, whose exports to the colonies were threatened by colonial boycotts, pressured Parliament. The Act was repealed on March 18, 1766 as a matter of expedience, but Parliament affirmed its power to legislate for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever" by also passing the Declaratory Act. There followed a series of new taxes and regulations, likewise opposed by the colonists.

The episode played a major role in defining the grievances that were clearly stated within the text of the Indictment of George III section of the Declaration of Independence, and enabling the organized colonial resistance that led to the American Revolution in 1775.


Parliament Stamp Act 1765
Printed copy of the Stamp Act of 1765

wiki/Stamp_Act_1765
4.5.o17


Posted in: History Tagged: 1512, 1765, 1938, 1990, American Horse of the Year, American Revolution, Britain, George H W Bush, history, Michelangelo, Native American Indian Heritage Month, Seabiscuit, Sistine Chapel, Stamp Act of 1765, War Admiral
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