On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin’s book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.

Author: Charles Darwin
First published: Nov 24, 1859
Genres: Science · Biology · Treatise
Followed by: Fertilisation of Orchids

— Source: wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species

Jack Ruby

Jack Leon Ruby was an American citizen from Chicago, Illinois, who worked as a nightclub operator in the city of Dallas, Texas. On November 24, 1963, he fatally shot Lee Harvey Oswald while the latter was in police custody after being charged with assassinating U.S. President John F. Kennedy two days earlier. A Dallas jury found him guilty of murdering Oswald, and Ruby later received the death penalty. Later, Ruby appealed his conviction, had it overturned and was granted a new trial. However, on January 3, 1967, as the date for his new trial was being set, Ruby became ill in his prison cell and died of a pulmonary embolism from lung cancer.

Born: Mar 25, 1911 · Chicago, IL
Died: Jan 03, 1967 · Dallas, TX
Buried: Westlawn Cemetery
Siblings: Marion Rubenstein (Sister) · Earl Rubenstein (Brother) · Eileen Rubenstein (Sister) · Sam Rubenstein (Brother) · Hyman Rubenstein (Brother) · Ann Rubenstein (Sister) · Eva Rubenstein (Sister)

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Highlights

• 1911: Jack Ruby was born Jacob Leon Rubenstein on March 25, 1911 in Chicago, the son of Fannie Turek Rutkowski (or Rokowsky) and Joseph Rubenstein (1871–1958), both Polish-born, Orthodox Jews.


• 1946: In 1946, Tony Accardo allegedly asked Jack Ruby to go to Texas with Mafia associates Pat Manno and Romie Nappi to make sure that Dallas County Sheriff Steve Gutherie would acquiesce to the Mafia’s expansion into Dallas.


• 1960: In the Hulu series 11.22.63, Jack Ruby is shown as a nightclub owner in 1960 Dallas played by Antoni Corone.


• 1963: On November 24, 1963, Ruby fatally shot Lee Harvey Oswald, who was in police custody after being charged with the assassination of John F. Kennedy two days earlier.


• 1963: Joe Campisi and his wife visited with Jack Ruby in jail for ten minutes on November 30, 1963.


• 1966: Eventually, the appellate court agreed with Ruby’s lawyers for a new trial, and on October 5, 1966, ruled that his motion for a change of venue before the original trial court should have been granted.

— Source: wiki/Jack_Ruby

Lee Harvey Oswald

Lee Harvey Oswald was an American sniper who assassinated President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. According to five U.S. government investigations, Oswald shot and killed Kennedy as he traveled by motorcade through Dealey Plaza in the city of Dallas, Texas.

Lived: Oct 18, 1939 – Nov 24, 1963 (age 24)
Height: 5′ 10″ (1.78 m)
Spouse: Marina Oswald Porter (m. 1961 – 1963)
Children: June Lee Oswald (Daughter) · Audrey Marina Rachel Oswald (Daughter)
Parents: Robert Edward Lee Oswald, Sr. (Father) · Marguerite Frances Claverie (Mother)

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Highlights

• 1939: Oswald was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on October 18, 1939, to World War I veteran Robert Edward Lee Oswald, Sr. (1896 – 1939) and Marguerite Frances Claverie (1907 – 1981).


• 1955: As a teenager, in 1955, Oswald attended Civil Air Patrol meetings in New Orleans.


• 1956: In July 1956, Oswald’s mother moved the family to Fort Worth, Texas, and Oswald re-enrolled in the 10th grade for the September session at Arlington Heights High School in Fort Worth.


• 1956: Like all Marines, Oswald was trained and tested in shooting and he scored 212 in December 1956, slightly above the requirements for the designation of sharpshooter.


• 1961: From approximately June 1960 to February 1961, Oswald had a relationship with Ella German, a co-worker at the factory.


• 1961: Lee Harvey Oswald married Marina Oswald Porter on April 30, 1961.

— Source: wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald

D. B. Cooper is a media epithet popularly used to refer to an unidentified man who hijacked a Boeing 727 aircraft in the airspace between Portland, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington, on November 24, 1971, extorted $200,000 in ransom, and parachuted to an uncertain fate. Despite an extensive manhunt and protracted FBI investigation, the perpetrator has never been located or identified. The case remains the only unsolved air piracy in American aviation history.

Height: 5′ 11″ (1.80 m)

— Source: wiki/D._B._Cooper

Freddie Mercury was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, known as the lead vocalist and co-principal songwriter of the rock band Queen. He also became known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range. Mercury wrote and composed numerous hits for Queen; occasionally served as a producer and guest musician for other artists; and concurrently led a solo career while performing with Queen.

Lived: Sep 05, 1946 – Nov 24, 1991 (age 45)
Height: 5′ 10″ (1.77 m)
Partner: Jim Hutton (1985 – 1991) · Mary Austin (1970 – 1976)
Member of: Queen · Ibex · Sour Milk Sea · The Hectics
Parents: Jer Bulsara (Mother) · Bomi Bulsara (Father)
Siblings: Kashmira Cooke (Sister)

— Source: wiki/Freddie_Mercury
— IMDB: www.imdb.com/name/nm0006198/bio

John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry was an effort by white abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown’s raid, accompanied by 21 men in his party, was defeated by a company of U.S. Marines from the Marine Barracks, 8th And I, Washington, DC, led by First Lieutenant Israel Greene, USMC. Colonel Robert E. Lee, USA, was in overall command of the operation to retake the arsenal. John Brown had originally asked Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass, both of whom he had met in his formative years as an abolitionist in Springfield, Massachusetts, to join him in his raid, but Tubman was prevented by illness, and Douglass declined, as he believed Brown’s plan would fail.

Start date: Oct 16, 1859
End date: Oct 18, 1859

— Source: wiki/John_Brown’s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry

Against the State, against the Church, against the silence of the medical profession, against the whole machinery of dead institutions of the past, the woman of today arises.

Lived: Sep 14, 1879 – Sep 06, 1966 (age 86)
Spouse: James Noah (m. 1922 – 1943) · William Sanger (m. 1902 – 1921)
Founded: Planned Parenthood · American Birth Control League · International Planned Parenthood Federation
Children: Stuart Sanger (Son) · Grant Sanger (Son)
Parents: Anne Purcell Higgins (Mother) · Michael Hennessy Higgins (Father)
Movies: Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed · Birth Control

— Source: wiki/Margaret_Sanger

The Greek Civil War was fought from 1946 to 1949 between the Greek government army, backed by the United Kingdom and the United States, and the Democratic Army of Greece, the military branch of the Greek Communist Party, backed by Yugoslavia and Albania as well as Bulgaria. The result was the defeat of the Communist insurgents by the government forces. Founded by the Communist Party of Greece and funded by Communist nations such as Yugoslavia, many of the insurgents operating within the Democratic Army of Greece were partisans who had fought against German and Italian occupation forces during the Second World War.

Start date: Dec 1944
End date: Oct 16, 1949

— Source: wiki/Greek_Civil_War

The Great Storm of 1987 was a violent extratropical cyclone that occurred on the night of 15–16 October, with hurricane-force winds causing casualties in England, France and the Channel Islands as a severe depression in the Bay of Biscay moved northeast. Among the most damaged areas were Greater London, the East Anglian coast, the Home Counties, the west of Brittany and the Cotentin Peninsula of Normandy which weathered gusts typically with a return period of 1 in 200 years.

Forests, parks, roads and railways were strewn with fallen trees as well as schools being closed. The British National Grid suffered heavy damage, leaving thousands without power. At least 22 people were killed in England and France. The highest measured gust of 117 kn (217 km/h; 135 mph) was recorded at Pointe Du Roc, Granville, France and the highest gust in the U.K. of 100 kn (190 km/h; 120 mph) was recorded at Shoreham-by-Sea.

That day’s weather reports had failed to indicate a storm of such severity, an earlier, correct forecast having been negated by later projections. The apparent suggestion by the BBC’s Michael Fish of a false alarm is celebrated as a classic gaffe, though he claims he was misquoted.

Major improvements were later implemented in atmospheric observation, relevant computer models, and the training of forecasters.

Formed: 15 October 1987
Dissipated: 16 October 1987
Lowest pressure: 953 mbar (hPa)
Highest winds: 216 km/h (134 mph)
Countries affected: France . United Kingdom . Spain . Belgium . Norway
Fatalities: 22
Damage: [UK] £2 billion (£5.073 billion today) . [FR] 23 billion francs (£7.027 billion today)

— Source: wiki/Great_Storm_of_1987

Born: 1818 · London, England
Died: Jan 08, 1880 · San Francisco, CA
Parents: John Norton · Sarah Norden

— Source: wiki/Emperor_Norton

The Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, particularly in the South, was fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland and Antietam Creek as part of the Maryland Campaign. It was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Union soil. It is the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with a combined tally of 22,717 dead, wounded, or missing.

Date: Sep 17, 1862

— Source: wiki/Battle_of_Antietam

The Space Shuttle Enterprise was the first orbiter of the Space Shuttle system. Rolled out on September 17, 1976, it was built for NASA as part of the Space Shuttle program to perform atmospheric test flights after being launched from a modified Boeing 747. It was constructed without engines or a functional heat shield, and was therefore not capable of spaceflight.

Manufacturer: Rockwell International

— Source: wiki/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise

Solidarity is a Polish trade union that was founded on 17 September 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard under the leadership of Lech Wałęsa. It was the first trade union in a Warsaw Pact country that was not controlled by a communist party. Its membership reached 9.5 million members before its September 1981 Congress, which constituted one third of the total working-age population of Poland.

Founded: Sep 17, 1980
Founder: Lech Walesa

— Source: wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)

Sarah “Sally” Hemings was an enslaved woman of mixed race owned by President Thomas Jefferson. She is believed to have had a long-term relationship and six children of record with him, of whom four survived to adulthood; and were given freedom by Jefferson. Hemings was the youngest of six siblings by the widowed planter John Wayles and his mixed-race slave Betty Hemings; Sally and her siblings were three-quarters European and half-siblings of Jefferson’s wife, Martha Wayles Skelton.
Born: 1773 · Charles City County, VA
Died: 1835 · Charlottesville, VA

The Solar storm of 1859—known as the Carrington Event—was a powerful geomagnetic solar storm during solar cycle 10 (1855–1867). A solar coronal mass ejection hit Earth’s magnetosphere and induced one of the largest geomagnetic storms on record, September 1–2, 1859. The associated “white light flare” in the solar photosphere was observed and recorded by English astronomers Richard C. Carrington (1826–1875) and Richard Hodgson (1804–1872). Studies have shown that a solar storm of this magnitude occurring today would likely cause more widespread problems for a modern and technology-dependent society. The solar storm of 2012 was of similar magnitude, but it passed Earth’s orbit without striking the planet.

A group of astronomers studies the way to travel to the moon. When they conclude their project, the president selects five other astronomers to travel with him. They embark in a shell and they are shot from a giant cannon to the moon. When they land, they seek shelter in a cave to protect from the snow. They meet the Selenites, the alien inhabitants of the moon, and they are destroyed by the astronomers that find that a strong hit make them explode. However, they arrive in large number and the astronomers are captured by the Selenites. But one astronomer hits their king that explodes and they run to the capsule pursued by the alien. They drop the capsule that falls through the space and reach the ocean. Then they are rescued by a steamer that brings the team safe and sound ashore.
Release date: Sep 01, 1902
Director: Georges Méliès
Story by: Georges Méliès · Jules Verne · H.G. Wells

The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, or the 1939 Defensive War in Poland, and alternatively the Poland Campaign or Fall Weiss in Germany, was a joint invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Free City of Danzig, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent, that marked the beginning of World War II in Europe. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, while the Soviet invasion commenced on 17 September following the Molotov-Tōgō agreement that terminated the Russian and Japanese hostilities in the east on 16 September. The campaign ended on 6 October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland under the terms of the German-Soviet Frontier Treaty.
Start date: Sep 01, 1939
End date: Oct 06, 1939