Today in History ^10/16 (John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry)

October 16, 2018 by GµårÐïåñ Leave a Comment

Fallen trees across a suburban street after the Great Storm in southern England, October 17, 1987 (© John Downing/Getty Images)

(1859) An abolitionist attacks an armory at Harpers Ferry

Inspired by his anti-slavery beliefs, and enraged by pro-slavery violence, abolitionist John Brown launches an armed assault on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown and his small band of supporters is no match for the US Marines that will be called out against him.

The Great Storm of 1987 was a violent extratropical cyclone that occurred on the night of 15–16 October, with hurricane-force winds causing casualties in England, France and the Channel Islands as a severe depression in the Bay of Biscay moved northeast. Among the most damaged areas were Greater London, the East Anglian coast, the Home Counties, the west of Brittany and the Cotentin Peninsula of Normandy which weathered gusts typically with a return period of 1 in 200 years.

Michael Fish is resigned to the nation remembering only part of his famous forecast – ‘Hurricane Fish’ still wouldn’t have been predicted today.
wiki/John_Brown’s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry

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(1859) An abolitionist attacks an armory at Harpers Ferry.
Also on this day,

1916 | Margaret Sanger’s first family planning clinic opens

America’s first family planning clinic opens in Brooklyn, New York, breaking that state’s laws by dispensing birth control and educating patients on contraception. The clinic’s founder, nurse Margaret Sanger, will be arrested nine days later, and become known as a birth control pioneer.

1969 | Major-league upset as ‘Miracle Mets’ stun Baltimore, win World Series

The New York Mets—who had never finished with a winning record and started the season as a 100-1 longshot to win the World Series—complete a dramatic turnaround. The Mets defeat the star-studded Baltimore Orioles in game five at Shea Stadium to win the series.

1987 | Britain hit with devastating, unexpected Great Storm of 1987

Expecting only minor trouble on the south coast, most Britons are shocked when a deadly cyclone packing hurricane-force winds slams into England with gusts as high as 122-mph that uproot trees, tear buildings apart, cause £2 billion of damage, and kill 22.

Today in History ^10/16/17

Margaret Sanger poses before leaving Brooklyn Court of Special Sessions after her arraignment in New York in October 1916 (© AP)

(1916) Margaret Sanger's first family planning clinic opens

America's first family planning clinic opens in Brooklyn, New York, breaking that state's laws by dispensing birth control and educating patients on contraception. The clinic's founder, nurse Margaret Sanger, will be arrested nine days later, and become known as a birth control pioneer.

Margaret Higgins Sanger was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. Sanger popularized the term "birth control", opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.

Lived: Sep 14, 1879 - Sep 06, 1966 (age 86)
Spouse: James Noah (m. 1922 - 1943) · William Sanger (m. 1902 - 1921)
Founded: Planned Parenthood · American Birth Control League · International Planned Parenthood Federation
Children: Peggy Sanger (Daughter) · Stuart Sanger (Son) · Grant Sanger (Son)
Movies: Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed · Birth Control
Siblings: Bob Higgins (Brother) · Ethel Bryne (Sister)
Highlights
1914: In August 1914 Margaret Sanger was indicted for violating postal obscenity laws by sending the The Woman Rebel through the postal system.

1916: On October 16, 1916 Sanger opened a family planning and birth control clinic at 46 Amboy Street in the Brownsville neighborhood of Brooklyn, the first of its kind in the United States.

1921: After World War I, Sanger shifted away from radical politics, and she founded the American Birth Control League (ABCL) in 1921 to enlarge her base of supporters to include the middle class.

1922: In 1922 she married her second husband, James Noah H. Slee.

1966: In 1966, Planned Parenthood began issuing its Margaret Sanger Awards annually to honor "individuals of distinction in recognition of excellence and leadership in furthering reproductive health and reproductive rights."

1966: Sanger died of congestive heart failure in 1966 in Tucson, Arizona, aged 86, about a year after the U.S. Supreme Court case Griswold v. Connecticut, which legalized birth control in the United States.

Margaret Sanger (* 1879)
wiki/Margaret_Sanger

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Today in History ^09/17 (United States Constitution)

September 17, 2018 by GµårÐïåñ Leave a Comment

The signing of the Constitution of the United States at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 (© GraphicaArtis/Getty Images)

(1787) Delegates sign the Constitution in Philadelphia

Following Benjamin Franklin’s speech, delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia sign the Constitution. The day will later be observed as I Am an American Day, which will be renamed to Constitution Day and Citizenship Day.

The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States. The Constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. Its first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral Congress; the executive, consisting of the President; and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts. Articles Four, Five and Six embody concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments and of the states in relationship to the federal government. Article Seven establishes the procedure subsequently used by the thirteen States to ratify it. It is regarded as the oldest written and codified national constitution in force of the world.

Page one of the original copy of the Constitution
wiki/United_States_Constitution

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(1787) Delegates sign the Constitution in Philadelphia.
Also on this day,

1859 | Emperor Norton I begins his 21-year reign over the US

San Franciscan Joshua A. Norton, frustrated by government bureaucracy, declares himself, ‘Norton I, Emperor of the United States.’ His edicts, including the abolition of the US Congress, endear him to many of his fellow residents, who encourage his delusions of grandeur.

1862 | Sun sets on bloodiest battle in American history as Battle of Antietam ends

George McClellan’s Army of the Potomac stems the tide of Robert E. Lee’s Confederate advance into Union territory, but the Battle of Antietam near Sharpsburg, Maryland, exacts a terrible toll with 22,000 dead, injured, or missing by the end of the bloodiest day in US military history.

1976 | NASA unveils a new spaceship Enterprise in the California desert

NASA’s new reusable orbital space vehicle, the space shuttle, is rolled out for its first public viewing in front of thousands of invited guests in Palmdale, California. It’s christened the ‘Enterprise’ after a write-in campaign by ‘Star Trek fans, and most of the show’s original cast is on hand for the unveiling.

Today in History ^09/17/17

President Lincoln and General McClellan seated inside a tent on the Battlefield of Antietam (Alexander Gardner/Library of Congress)

(1862) Sun sets on bloodiest battle in American history

George McClellan's Army of the Potomac stems the tide of Robert E. Lee's Confederate advance into Union territory, but the Battle of Antietam near Sharpsburg, Maryland, exacts a terrible toll with 22,000 dead, injured, or missing by the end of the bloodiest day in US military history.

The Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, particularly in the South, was fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland and Antietam Creek as part of the Maryland Campaign. It was the first field army–level engagement in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War to take place on Union soil and is the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with a combined tally of 22,717 dead, wounded, or missing.

Date: Sep 17, 1862

Maryland Campaign, actions September 3 to 15, 1862 RED - Confederate, BLUE - Union

wiki/Battle_of_Antietam

Star Trek' cast members (from left) Leonard Nimoy, George Takei and DeForest Kelly in front of the unveiling of the Space Shuttle in Palmdale, California, in 1976 (© AP)

(1976) NASA unveils a new spaceship in the California desert

NASA's new reusable orbital space vehicle, the space shuttle, is rolled out for its first public viewing in front of thousands of invited guests in Palmdale, California. It's christened the 'Enterprise' after a write-in campaign by 'Star Trek fans, and most of the show's original cast is on hand for the unveiling.

Space Shuttle Enterprise was the first orbiter of the Space Shuttle system. Rolled out on September 17, 1976, it was built for NASA as part of the Space Shuttle program to perform atmospheric test flights after being launched from a modified Boeing 747. It was constructed without engines or a functional heat shield, and was therefore not capable of spaceflight.

Manufacturer: Rockwell International

Low angle view of gantry and Space Shuttle Enterprise in launch position on the Vandenberg Air Force Base's Space Launch Complex 6 (commonly known as "SLICK 6"), in California, during the ready-to-launch checks to verify launch procedures.

wiki/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise

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Today in History ^09/01 (Sally Hemings)

September 1, 2018 by GµårÐïåñ Leave a Comment

Painting of President Thomas Jefferson (© John Parrot/Stocktrek Images/Getty Images)

(1802) Newspaper alleges US president has an illicit relationship

Virginia’s Richmond Recorder newspaper prints a scandalous story regarding President Thomas Jefferson and a woman whom he “kept, as his concubine,” asserting that she is “one of his own slaves.” The truth of Jefferson’s relationship with Sally Hemings will be investigated centuries later via DNA testing.

Sarah “Sally” Hemings was an enslaved woman of mixed race owned by President Thomas Jefferson of the United States. There is a “growing historical consensus” among scholars that Jefferson was the father of her five children, born after the death of his wife Martha Jefferson, and that he had a long-term relationship with her. Four children survived to adulthood. Hemings died in Charlottesville, Virginia, in 1835.

Born: 1773 · Charles City County, VA
Died: 1835 · Charlottesville, VA
Nationality: American
Children: Harriet Hemings (Daughter) · Eston Hemings (Son) · Madison Hemings (Son) · Beverly Hemings (Son)
Parents: John Wayles (Father) · Betty Hemings (Mother)
Siblings: Martha Jefferson (Brother) · Mary Hemings (Sister) · John Hemings (Brother)
Highlights
1773: After John Wayles died in 1773, his daughter Martha and her husband Thomas Jefferson inherited the Hemings family among a total of 135 slaves from his estate, as well as 11,000 acres of land.

1787: Polly and Sally landed in London, where they stayed with Abigail and John Adams from June 26 until July 10, 1787.

1789: Sally Hemings remained in France for 26 months; slavery was abolished in that country after the Revolution in 1789.

1799: unnamed daughter (or possibly named Thenia after Hemings’ sister Thenia) (born in 1799 and died in infancy)

1802: Jefferson having a sexual relationship with Hemings was first reported in 1802 by one of Jefferson’s enemies, a political journalist named James T. Callender, after he noticed several light skinned slaves at Monticello.

1835: Hemings died in Charlottesville, VA, in 1835.

Caricature of Jefferson and Hemings, ca. 1804
wiki/Sally_Hemings

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(1802) Newspaper alleges US president has an illicit relationship.
Also on this day,

1859 | The sun spits out a solar superstorm

A coronal mass ejection is released from the sun and impacts the earth’s atmosphere with a brilliant “white light flare,” as described by English astronomer Richard C. Carrington, forming fantastical auroras that are said to have been bright enough to read by at night, and packing enough interference to cripple the globe’s telegraph systems.

1902 | Paris moviegoers head to the moon and back

Jules Verne novels have inspired a new moving picture from French artist Georges Méliès, a fanciful frolic chronicling a lunar landing and a meeting with inhabitants of the moon. ‘A Trip to the Moon’ will open just over a month later in the US and eventually will be called the first science-fiction film.

1939 | History’s most destructive war dawns with a massive invasion

In WWII’s opening salvo, Hitler’s armed forces descend on Poland with blitzkrieg force and, getting assistance from the Soviet Union, will decimate the country’s archaic military, controlling the nation within a month. Per their Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, Germany and the USSR will divide up the conquered territory.

Today in History ^09/01/17

German tank unit after the defeat of a Polish battalion at the Brda River in Poland in 1939 (© ullstein bild/Getty Images)

(1939) History's most destructive war dawns with a massive invasion

In WWII's opening salvo, Hitler's armed forces descend on Poland with blitzkrieg force and, getting assistance from the Soviet Union, will decimate the country's archaic military, controlling the nation within a month. Per their Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, Germany and the USSR will divide up the conquered territory.

The Invasion of Poland, known in Poland as the September Campaign or the 1939 Defensive War, and in Germany as the Poland Campaign or Fall Weiss, was a joint invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, the Free City of Danzig, and a small Slovak contingent, that marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, while the Soviet invasion commenced on 17 September following the Molotov-Tōgō agreement that terminated the Russian and Japanese hostilities in the east on 16 September. The campaign ended on 6 October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland under the terms of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty.

Start date: Sep 01, 1939
End date: Oct 06, 1939

Planned and actual divisions of Poland, according to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, with later adjustments

wiki/Invasion_of_Poland

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Today in History ^06/30/17

June 30, 2017 by GµårÐïåñ

Painting of King Henry II of France (© Hulton Fine Art Collection/Getty Images)

(1559) A knightly sport claims a king

France’s King Henry II is celebrating both his daughter’s wedding and peace with the Habsburgs in one of his favorite ways, by jousting. This will be his final match, as a lance fragment strikes him in the head, killing him days later. The royal death will hasten the sport’s decline.

Henry II was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 31 March 1547 until his death in 1559. The second son of Francis I, he became Dauphin of France upon the death of his elder brother Francis III, Duke of Brittany, in 1536.

Lived: Mar 31, 1519 – Jul 10, 1559 (age 40)
Spouse: Catherine de’ Medici (m. 1533)
Children: Henry III of France (Son) · Elisabeth of Valois (Daughter) · Charles IX of France (Son) · Claude of France (Daughter) · Francis II of France (Son) · Francis, Duke of Anjou (Son) · Victoria of France (Daughter) · Louis of Valois (Son) · Margaret of Valois (Daughter) · Joan of France (Daughter) · Henri d’Angoulême (Son) · Diane de France (Daugh…
Parents: Francis I of France (Father) · Claude of France (Mother)
Siblings: Francis III, Duke of Brittany (Brother) · Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry (Sister)
Buried: Basilica of St Denis
Highlights
1533: Henry married Catherine de’ Medici, a member of the ruling family of Florence, on 28 October 1533, when they were both fourteen years old.

1536: The second son of Francis I, he became Dauphin of France upon the death of his elder brother Francis III, Duke of Brittany, in 1536.

1554: Henry captured the three episcopal cities of Metz, Toul, and Verdun, and secured them by defeating the Habsburg army at the Battle of Renty in 1554.

1556: After the abdication of Charles V in 1556, the Habsburg empire was split between Philip II of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I.

1559: The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis was signed between Henry and Elizabeth I of England on 2 April and between Henry and Philip II of Spain on 3 April 1559 at Le Cateau-Cambrésis.

1559: Despite the efforts of royal surgeon Ambroise Paré, the king died of septicemia on 10 July 1559.

wiki/Henry_II_of_France

Charles Blondin crossing Niagara Gorge on a tightrope in 1859 (© William England/Getty Images)

(1859) A terrifying tightrope walk conquers the air above Niagara

French daredevil ‘The Great Blondin’ steps out onto a 2-inch-diameter, 1,300-foot hemp rope stretched 160-feet above a raging gorge, and 25,000 spectators hold their collective breath. Blondin will travel from America to Canada on the first tightrope walk over Niagara Falls.

Charles Blondin was a French tightrope walker and acrobat. Blondin was born on 28 February 1824 at St Omer, Pas-de-Calais, France. His real name was Jean-François Gravelet and he was known also by the names Charles Blondin, Jean-François Blondin and called the “Chevalier Blondin”, or simply “The Great Blondin”. At the age of five he was sent to the École de Gymnase at Lyon and, after six months training as an acrobat, made his first public appearance as “The boy Wonder”. His superior skill and grace, as well as the originality of the settings of his acts, made him a popular favourite. He first married Marie Blancherie, and at the same time legitimised their son Aime Leopold. It is not known what happened to his French family after he went to America.

Born: Feb 28, 1824 · Saint-Omer, France
Died: Feb 22, 1897
Highlights
1824: Blondin was born on 28 February 1824 at St Omer, Pas-de-Calais, France.

1861: In 1861, Blondin first appeared in London, at the Crystal Palace, turning somersaults on stilts on a rope stretched across the central transept, 70 feet (21 m) from the ground.

1862: In 1862, he again gave a series of performances at the Crystal Palace, and elsewhere in England, and on the continent of Europe.

1866: While he was living in England he and Charlotte had two more children, Henry, born about 1863, and Charlotte Mary Janet, baptised on 25 April 1866.

1873: On 6 September 1873, Blondin crossed Edgbaston Reservoir in Birmingham.

1897: Blondin died of diabetes at his “Niagara House” in Ealing, London, on 22 February 1897, in his 73rd year, and was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.

wiki/Charles_Blondin

(From left) Adolf Hitler with SA leader Ernst Röhm circa 1933 (© Photo12/UIG via Getty Images)

(1934) Hitler orders a purge of potential political rivals

Turning his homicidal paranoia inwards, Adolph Hitler sends execution squads to eliminate hundreds of Nazi Party members he deems a threat to his future domination. The SS and Gestapo secret police inflict the Night of the Long Knives mostly on members of the SA, or Stormtroopers.

The Night of the Long Knives, also called Operation Hummingbird or, in Germany, the Röhm Putsch, was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from June 30 to July 2, 1934, when the Nazi regime carried out a series of political extrajudicial executions intended to consolidate Hitler’s absolute hold on power in Germany. Many of those killed were leaders of the SA, the Nazis’ own paramilitary Brownshirts organization; the best-known victim was Ernst Röhm, the SA’s leader and one of Hitler’s longtime supporters and allies. Leading members of the left-wing Strasserist faction of the Nazi Party, along with its figurehead, Gregor Strasser, were also killed, as were establishment conservatives and anti-Nazis. The murders of Brownshirt leaders were also intended to improve the image of the Hitler government with a German public that was increasingly critical of thuggish Brownshirt tactics.

Start date: Jun 30, 1934
End date: Jul 02, 1934

wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives

1953 Chevrolet Corvette (© Heritage Images/Getty Images)

(1953) First Chevrolet Corvette rolls off the line

The first Corvette is built in Flint, Michigan. The ‘Vette had been designed solely for the 1953 New York Auto Show, but enthusiasm from the public and Chevy ‘s chief engineer led to production of this consumer model. It will become an iconic sports car, with the one millionth Corvette being produced in 1992.

The Chevrolet Corvette, known colloquially as the Vette, or Chevy Corvette, is a sports car manufactured by Chevrolet. The car has been produced through seven generations. The first model, a convertible, was introduced at the GM Motorama in 1953 as a concept show car. Myron Scott is credited for naming the car after the type of small, maneuverable warship called a corvette. Originally built in Flint, Michigan and St. Louis, Missouri, the Corvette is currently manufactured in Bowling Green, Kentucky and is the official sports car of the Commonwealth of Kentucky.

wiki/Chevrolet_Corvette

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Today in History ^06/15/17

June 15, 2017 by GµårÐïåñ

King John of England signs the Magna Carta at Runnymede near Windsor, in an artwork engraved by Davenport and drawn by T. H. Jones (© Rischgitz/Getty Images)

(1215) King John concedes absolute power and puts it in writing

Absolute monarchical power comes to an end when a beleaguered King John formally agrees to respect the feudal privileges of England’s nobility. Belief that this Magna Carta strengthens individual liberty will greatly influence the American Constitution and the development of modern democracies.

Magna Carta Libertatum, commonly called Magna Carta, is a charter agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury to make peace between the unpopular King and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons’ War. After John’s death, the regency government of his young son, Henry III, reissued the document in 1216, stripped of some of its more radical content, in an unsuccessful bid to build political support for their cause. At the end of the war in 1217, it formed part of the peace treaty agreed at Lambeth, where the document acquired the name Magna Carta, to distinguish it from the smaller Charter of the Forest which was issued at the same time. Short of funds, Henry reissued the charter again in 1225 in exchange for a grant of new taxes; his son, Edward I, repeated the exercise in 1297, this time confirming it as part of England’s statute law.

wiki/Magna_Carta

The English Camp of the Pig War, San Juan Island, Washington State (© Norman Barrett/Alamy)

(1859) Two world powers send military forces to solve pig problem

One pig is shot but no people perish in a conflict that proves the necessity of precisely worded territorial treaties. The Pig War begins between British Canada and the US near the San Juan Islands when an ostensibly British-Canadian pig is found rooting for tubers on a supposedly American farm.

The Pig War was a confrontation in 1859 between the United States and Great Britain over the Canada–U.S. border in the San Juan Islands, between Vancouver Island and the mainland. The Pig War, so called because it was triggered by the shooting of a pig, is also called the Pig Episode, the Pig and Potato War, the San Juan Boundary Dispute or the Northwestern Boundary Dispute. With no shots exchanged and no human casualties, this dispute was a bloodless conflict.

Date: 1859

wiki/Pig_War_(1859)

Time-lapse photographs by Edweard Muybridge of a man riding a galloping horse (© ullstein bild/Getty Images)

(1878) Dawn of the movies as Muybridge stops time with his camera

Leland Stanford is fairly certain that when a horse gallops there is a moment when all four of its legs leave the ground. He hires photographer Eadweard Muybridge who takes pioneering stop-motion photographs, proving that horses can indeed become airborne for a split second, and the innovative images will mark the dawn of motion pictures.

Eadweard Muybridge was an English photographer important for his pioneering work in photographic studies of motion, and early work in motion-picture projection. He adopted the name Eadweard Muybridge, believing it to be the original Anglo-Saxon form of his name.

Born: Apr 09, 1830 · Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom
Died: May 08, 1904 · Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom
Spouse: Flora Shallcross Stone (m. 1872 – 1875)
Inventions: Film
Children: Florado Helios Muybridge (Son)
Parents: Susan Muggeridge (Mother) · John Muggeridge
Highlights
1872: In 1872, Muybridge married 21-year-old Flora Shallcross Stone.

1874: In 1874, Muybridge discovered that a drama critic known as Major Harry Larkyns might have fathered Flora’s seven-month-old son Florado.

1875: While travelling on a photography expedition in the Spanish-speaking nations of Central America in 1875, the photographer advertised his works under the name “Eduardo Santiago Muybridge” in Guatemala.

1877: Today, Muybridge is known for his pioneering work on animal locomotion in 1877 and 1878, which used multiple cameras to capture motion in stop-motion photographs, and his zoopraxiscope, a device for projecting motion pictures that pre-dated the flexible perforated film strip used in cinematography.

1878: In 1878, Muybridge made a famous 13-part 360° photographic panorama of San Francisco, to be presented to the wife of Leland Stanford.

1904: Muybridge died on 8 May 1904 in Kingston upon Thames of prostate cancer at the home of his cousin Catherine Smith.

wiki/Eadweard_Muybridge

Ulrike Meinhof in the editorial office of the political magazine 'Konkret,' circa 1960 (© Max Ehlert/ullstein bild/Getty Images)

(1972) Infamous German radical arrested

Former journalist Ulrike Meinhof is caught by police two years after helping form the Red Army Faction, a violent leftist organization considered a terrorist group. Her subsequent murder trial and the controversy surrounding her apparent jail-cell suicide will transfix Europe.

Ulrike Marie Meinhof was a German left-wing militant. She co-founded the Red Army Faction in 1970, after having worked as a journalist for the monthly left-wing magazine konkret. She was arrested in 1972, charged with numerous murders and the formation of a criminal association. In 1976, before the trial concluded, Meinhof was found hanged in her prison cell.

Born: Oct 07, 1934 · Oldenburg, Germany Died: May 09, 1976 · Stuttgart, Germany Founded: Red Army Faction Movies: Children of the Revolution Parents: Werner Meinhof (Father)
Highlights

1936: In 1936, her family moved to Jena when her father, art historian Dr. Werner Meinhof, became director of the city’s museum.

1940: Her father died of cancer in 1940, causing her mother to take in a boarder, Renate Riemeck, to make money.

1958: In 1958, she spent a short time on the AStA (German: Allgemeiner Studierendenausschuss, or General Committee of Students) of the university and wrote articles for various student newspapers.

1961: In 1961, she married the co-founder and publisher of konkret, Klaus Rainer Röhl.

1970: She co-founded the Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion) in 1970 after having previously worked as a journalist for the monthly left-wing magazine konkret.

1972: In December 1972, Meinhof, who was awaiting trial, was called to testify at Horst Mahler’s trial where Mahler questioned her about the statement of support the two had issued for the September 1972 massacre of Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics.

wiki/Ulrike_Meinhof

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