1848

Today in History 09/13 (Church of the Holy Sepulchre)

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Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, Israel (© Jivko Kazakov/Getty Images)(335) A church is consecrated on Christendom’s hallowed ground
In Jerusalem, Constantine the Great consecrates a new church built over the purported sites of Jesus Christ’s crucifixion, burial, and resurrection. Christendom’s holiest place, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre will be destroyed and rebuilt more than once.
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is a church in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. The church contains, according to traditions dating back to at least the fourth century, the two holiest sites in Christianity: the site where Jesus of Nazareth was crucified, at a place known as “Calvary” or “Golgotha”, and Jesus’s empty tomb, where he is said to have been buried and resurrected. The tomb is enclosed by the 19th-century shrine, called the Aedicule. The Status Quo, a 150-year-old understanding between religious communities, applies to the site.
Construction completed: 335 AD
Capacity: 8,000
Founder: Constantine the Great
Burials: Godfrey of Bouillon · Baldwin I of Jerusalem · Baldwin IV of Jerusalem · Baldwin II of Jerusalem · Baldwin V of Jerusalem · Fulk, King of Jerusalem · Baldwin III of Jerusalem · Cecile of France
Religion: Christianity
Architectural styles: Romanesque architecture · Baroque architecture · Church · Baroque

Plan of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and adjacent structures in Jerusalem
Top view of the church and surrounding areas, detailed descriptions in Greek, 1807
wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre
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(335) A church is consecrated on Christendom’s hallowed ground.
Also on this day,

1848 | ‘American Crowbar Case’ influences ideas on brain function
Phineas Gage is working on a Vermont railroad when a 3-foot 7-inch iron tamping rod is driven through his head with explosive force. The resulting injury, which Gage will survive for another 12 years, changes both his personality and doctors’ opinions in the field of neurology.
1990 | Two separate yet equally important groups debut on NBC as Law & Order premieres
Detective Mike Logan arrests the perpetrators and DA Ben Stone prosecutes them as ‘Law & Order,’ a combo of police procedural and courtroom drama, makes its prime-time bow. The show will go on to be the longest-running crime drama on US television and spawn spin-offs galore.
1993 | Arab-Israeli peace process gets a boost at the White House as Oslo Accords signed
US President Bill Clinton hosts Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian Liberation Organization Chairman Yasser Arafat at the White House as their representatives sign the ‘Oslo Accords,’ another step in the complex Israeli-Palestinian peace process.

Today in History 09/13/17

Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, left, and PLO chairman Yasser Arafat, right, shake hands as President Bill Clinton presides over the ceremony marking the signing of the 1993 Oslo peace accord, Sept 13, 1993 (© Ron Edmonds/AP)(1993) Arab-Israeli peace process gets a boost at the White House
US President Bill Clinton hosts Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian Liberation Organization Chairman Yasser Arafat at the White House as their representatives sign the 'Oslo Accords,' another step in the complex Israeli-Palestinian peace process.
The Oslo Accords are a set of agreements between the Government of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization: the Oslo I Accord, signed in Washington, D.C., in 1993; and the Oslo II Accord, signed in Taba, Egypt, in 1995. The Oslo Accords marked the start of the Oslo process, a peace process aimed at achieving a peace treaty based on United Nations Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338, and at fulfilling the "right of the Palestinian people to self-determination." The Oslo process started after secret negotiations in Oslo, resulting in the recognition by the PLO of the State of Israel and the recognition by Israel of the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people and as a partner in negotiations.
Israel-Palestine peace

wiki/Oslo_Accords
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Today in History 07/19 (Great Fire of Rome)

Painting titled 'The Burning of Rome' (© Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images)(64 CE) A blaze flares up in the twisting streets of Rome
The moon is full, the wind high, and when a fire breaks out in a shop stocking explosives, it soon whips into a conflagration in the narrow streets and packed neighborhoods of Rome. The fire will rage for six days, but contrary to popular belief, Emperor Nero will not fiddle around.
The Great Fire of Rome was an urban fire in July of the year AD 64. It caused widespread devastation in the city on 19 July, before being brought under control after six days. Differing accounts either blame Emperor Nero for initiating the fire or credit him with organizing measures to contain it and provide relief for refugees. According to Tacitus and later Christians, Nero blamed the devastation on the Christian community in the city, initiating the empire’s first persecution against the Christians.
Start date: 64 AD
End date: 64 AD

Nero's Torches (Christian Candlesticks)
Nero’s Torches by Henryk Siemiradzki. According to Tacitus, Nero targeted Christians as those responsible for the fire.
wiki/Great_Fire_of_Rome
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(64 CE) A blaze flares up in the twisting streets of Rome.
Also on this day,

1545 | Henry VIII’s ‘Mary Rose’ sinks while fighting the French
A massive English warship, the 800-ton Mary Rose, has given more than three decades of service to king and country when she is sunk in battle just off the Isle of Wight. The ship will be painstakingly raised from the deep and reconstructed as a breathtaking Tudor time capsule 437 years later.
1848 | Seneca Falls hosts a watershed moment in women’s rights
Crowds gather in Seneca Falls, New York, for the opening of a two-day Women’s Rights Convention, the first of its kind ever held in America. Prominent speakers, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, will call for equal rights for women, including the right to vote.
1941 | A cartoon cat and mouse get their names
William Hanna and Joseph Barbera release a new cartoon, ‘The Midnight Snack,’ featuring a cat named Tom and a mouse named Jerry. The characters had appeared in a previous cartoon as Jasper and Jinx. The new names will stick, and the feuding animals will appear in more than 150 shorts and several spinoffs.

Today in History 07/19/17

Elizabeth Cady Stanton with her sons, Daniel and Henry, in 1848 (Public domain)(1848) Seneca Falls hosts a watershed moment in women's rights
Crowds gather in Seneca Falls, New York, for the opening of a two-day Women's Rights Convention, the first of its kind ever held in America. Prominent speakers, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, will call for equal rights for women, including the right to vote.
The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention. It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman". Held in Seneca Falls, New York, it spanned two days over July 19–20, 1848. Attracting widespread attention, it was soon followed by other women's rights conventions, including the Rochester Women's Rights Convention in Rochester, New York, two weeks later. In 1850 the first in a series of annual National Women's Rights Conventions met in Worcester, Massachusetts.
Location: Seneca Falls (CDP), New York
Dates: Jul 19 - 20, 1848
Subject: Women's rights
People also search for: Mexican–American War · California Gold Rush · Roe v. Wade · Muller v. Oregon · Jerry Rescue · Miss America protest · Reed v. Reed · Battle of Plattsburgh · 1688 Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery · Second Anglo-Sikh War · Prague Slavic Congress, 1848

wiki/Seneca_Falls_Convention
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Today in History 07/19/17

Elizabeth Cady Stanton with her sons, Daniel and Henry, in 1848 (Public domain)(1848) Seneca Falls hosts a watershed moment in women’s rights
Crowds gather in Seneca Falls, New York, for the opening of a two-day Women’s Rights Convention, the first of its kind ever held in America. Prominent speakers, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, will call for equal rights for women, including the right to vote.
The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women’s rights convention. It advertised itself as “a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman”. Held in Seneca Falls, New York, it spanned two days over July 19–20, 1848. Attracting widespread attention, it was soon followed by other women’s rights conventions, including the Rochester Women’s Rights Convention in Rochester, New York, two weeks later. In 1850 the first in a series of annual National Women’s Rights Conventions met in Worcester, Massachusetts.
Location: Seneca Falls (CDP), New York
Dates: Jul 19 – 20, 1848
Subject: Women’s rights
People also search for: Mexican–American War · California Gold Rush · Roe v. Wade · Muller v. Oregon · Jerry Rescue · Miss America protest · Reed v. Reed · Battle of Plattsburgh · 1688 Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery · Second Anglo-Sikh War · Prague Slavic Congress, 1848

wiki/Seneca_Falls_Convention
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Today in History 01/24/17

Painting of the assassination of the Roman Emperor Caligula in 41 CE (© Lazzaro Baldi/De Agostini/Getty Images)(41 CE) Roman Emperor Caligula assassinated
Stabbed by his own Praetorian Guards, the infamously deviant Caligula’s reign over Rome comes to an end. Hopes of restoring a Republic are dashed when Caligula’s uncle, Claudius, is declared Emperor.
Caligula, properly Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus was Roman emperor from AD 37–41. Born Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus, Caligula was a member of the house of rulers conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Caligula’s biological father was Germanicus, and he was the great-nephew and adopted son of Emperor Tiberius. The young Gaius earned the nickname “Caligula” from his father’s soldiers while accompanying him during his campaigns in Germania.
Lived: 12 AD – 41 AD (age 28)
Spouse: Milonia Caesonia (m. 39 AD – 41 AD) · Lollia Paulina (m. 38 AD) · Livia Orestilla (m. 37 AD) · Junia Claudilla (m. 33 AD)
Related movies: Caligula
Siblings: Agrippina the Younger (Sister) · Julia Drusilla (Sister) · Nero Julius Caesar (Brother) · Julia Livilla (Sister) · Drusus Caesar (Brother)
Children: Julia Drusilla (Daughter)
Parents: Germanicus (Father) · Agrippina the Elder (Mother)
Highlights
  • 29 AD: Agrippina and Caligula’s brother, Nero, were banished in 29 AD on charges of treason.

  • 30 AD: In 30 AD, his brother, Drusus Caesar, was imprisoned on charges of treason and his brother Nero died in exile from either starvation or suicide.

  • 35 AD: In 35 AD, Caligula was named joint heir to Tiberius’s estate along with Tiberius Gemellus.

  • 37 AD: When Tiberius died on 16 March 37 AD, his estate and the titles of the principate were left to Caligula and Tiberius’s own grandson, Gemellus, who were to serve as joint heirs.

  • 38 AD: His favorite sister Julia Drusilla died in 38 AD of a fever: his other two sisters, Livilla and Agrippina the Younger, were exiled.

  • 38 AD: Caligula married Lollia Paulina in 38.

  • 39 AD: Caligula married Milonia Caesonia in 39.

wiki/Caligula
Painting depicting fortune seekers during the California Gold Rush in 1849 (© Stock Montage/Getty Images)(1848) California Gold Rush begins
James Marshall’s morning work on a mill on California’s American River is interrupted when he catches sight of something glimmering in the sand. The discovery of gold will rock the nation.
The California Gold Rush began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter’s Mill in Coloma, California. The first to hear confirmed information of the gold rush were the people in Oregon, the Sandwich Islands, and Latin America, and they were the first to start flocking to the state in late 1848. All in all, the news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. Of the 300,000, approximately half arrived by sea and half came overland on the California Trail and the Gila River trail.
Start date: Jan 24, 1848
End date: 1855

wiki/California_Gold_Rush
Robert Baden-Powell in 1914 (© PA Archive/Press Association Images)(1908) The scouting movement is launched
Writer, British Army officer, and national hero, Robert-Baden Powell publishes the first handbook of his ‘Scouting For Boys’ series. Inspired youngsters will start troops throughout England and, eventually, in many other countries of the world as well.
Scouting for Boys: A handbook for instruction in good citizenship is a book on Boy Scout training, published in various editions since 1908. Early editions were written and illustrated by Robert Baden-Powell with later editions being extensively rewritten by others. The book was originally a manual for self-instruction in observation, tracking and woodcraft skills as well as self-discipline and self-improvement, about the Empire and duty as citizens with an eclectic mix of anecdotes and unabashed personal observations and recollections. It is pervaded by a degree of moral proselytizing and references to the author’s own exploits. It is based on his boyhood experiences, his experience with the Mafeking Cadet Corps during the Second Boer War at the Siege of Mafeking, and on his experimental camp on Brownsea Island, England.
Author: Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell
First published: 1908
Genres: Nature · All Ages · Ages 9-12 Nonfiction

wiki/Scouting_for_Boys
Shoichi Yokoi at Guam Memorial Hospital in Agana, Guam, in 1972 after he was found in the jungle by fishermen (© AP)(1972) Japanese soldier found on Guam 27 years after WWII ends
Shoichi Yokoi, Japanese Imperial Army sergeant, is found living in a remote underground jungle cave on the island of Guam. Having believed it is his duty to die rather than surrender after WWII ends, Yokoi says, upon his return to Japan, “It is with much embarrassment, but I have returned.”
Shōichi Yokoi was a Japanese sergeant in the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second World War. He was among the last three Japanese holdouts to be found after the end of hostilities in 1945, discovered in the jungles of Guam on 24 January 1972, almost 28 years after US forces had regained control of the island in 1944.
Born: Mar 31, 1915 · Saori, Aichi, Japan
Died: Sep 22, 1997 · Nagoya, Japan
Highlights
  • 1941: He was an apprentice tailor when he was conscripted in 1941.

  • 1944: When American forces captured the island in the 1944 Battle of Guam, Yokoi went into hiding with nine other Japanese soldiers.

  • 1974: Yokoi was the third-to-last Japanese soldier to surrender after the war, preceding Second Lieutenant Hiroo Onoda (relieved from duty by his former commanding officer on 9 March 1974) and Private Teruo Nakamura (arrested 18 December 1974).

  • 1997: Shoichi Yokoi died on September 22, 1997 in Nagoya, Japan.

wiki/Shoichi_Yokoi
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Today in History

Today in History
(335) A church is consecrated on Christendom’s hallowed ground
335 In Jerusalem, Constantine the Great consecrates a new church built over the purported sites of Jesus Christ’s crucifixion, burial, and resurrection. Christendom’s holiest place, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre will be destroyed and rebuilt more than once. .
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre Latin: Ecclesia Sancti Sepulchri; also called the Church of the Resurrection or Church of the Anastasis by Orthodox Christians, is a church within the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. It is a few steps away from the Muristan.

Burials: Godfrey of Bouillon · Baldwin IV of Jerusalem · Baldwin I of Jerusalem · Fulk, King of Jerusalem · Baldwin V of Jerusalem
Religion: Christianity
Architectural styles: Romanesque architecture · Baroque architecture
Category: Church

— Source: wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre
(1848) ‘American Crowbar Case’ influences ideas on brain function
Phineas Gage is working on a Vermont railroad when a 3-foot 7-inch iron tamping rod is driven through his head with explosive force. The resulting injury, which Gage will survive for another 12 years, changes both his personality and doctors’ opinions in the field of neurology. . 1848
Phineas P. Gage was an American railroad construction foreman remembered for his improbable survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of his brain’s left frontal lobe, and for that injury’s reported effects on his personality and behavior over the remaining twelve years of his life—​​effects sufficiently profound that friends saw him as “no longer Gage.”

Born: Jul 09, 1823 · Grafton County, NH
Died: May 21, 1860 · San Francisco, CA
Buried: Cypress Lawn Memorial Park

— Source: wiki/Phineas_Gage
(1990) Two separate yet equally important groups debut on NBC
1990 Detective Mike Logan arrests the perpetrators and DA Ben Stone prosecutes them as ‘Law & Order,’ a combo of police procedural and courtroom drama, makes its prime-time bow. The show will go on to be the longest-running crime drama on US television and spawn spin-offs galore..
The show follows a crime, ususally adapted from current headlines, from two separate vantage points. The first half of the show concentrates on the investigation of the crime by the police, the second half follows the prosecution of the crime in court.

Number of episodes: 456
First episode: Sep 13, 1990
Episode duration: 45 minutes
Creator: Dick Wolf

— Source: wiki/Law_&_Order
(1993) Arab-Israeli peace process gets a boost at the White House
US President Bill Clinton hosts Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian Liberation Organization Chairman Yasser Arafat at the White House as their representatives sign the ‘Oslo Accords,’ another step in the complex Israeli-Palestinian peace process.. 1993
The Oslo Accords are a set of agreements between the government of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO): the Oslo I Accord, signed in Washington, D.C., in 1993 and the Oslo II Accord, signed in Taba in 1995. The Oslo Accords marked the start of the Oslo process, a peace process that is aimed at achieving a peace-treaty based on the United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 and 338, and to fulfill the “right of the Palestinian people to self-determination.” The Oslo process started after secret negotiations in Oslo, resulting in the recognition by the PLO of the State of Israel and the recognition by Israel of the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people and as a partner in negotiations.

The Oslo Accords created the Palestinian Authority, whose functions are the limited self-governance over parts of the West Bank and Gaza Strip; and, it acknowledged that the PLO is now Israel’s partner in permanent status negotiations about the remaining issues. The most important issues are the borders of Israel and Palestine, the Israeli settlements, the status of Jerusalem, the question of Israel’s military presence in and control over the remaining territories after the recognition of the Palestinian autonomy by Israel, and the Palestinian right of return. The Oslo Accords, however, did not create a Palestinian state.

— Source: wiki/Oslo_Accords
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