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Major Mike

Knowledge is Power - Share the Power

1513

Today in History

September 25, 2016 by GµårÐïåñ
Today in History
(1513) Searching for gold, Spanish explorer finds saltwater instead
1513 Tipped off to the reputed vast riches to be found near “the other sea,” Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa and his company journey over the Isthmus of Panama and become the first Europeans to spy what they call the “South Sea” and what will later be named the Pacific Ocean..

Vasco Núñez de Balboa was a Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He is best known for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World.

Born: 1475 · Badajoz, Spain
Died: Jan 1519 · Panama


— Source: wiki/Vasco_Núñez_de_Balboa
(1789) Amendments aim to form a more perfect union
The US Congress passes 12 amendments to the nation’s constitution, ensuring protections for individual liberties, including the freedom of speech and the press, the right to assembly, and the right to exercise religion. Ten of the amendments, comprising the Bill of Rights, will be ratified by the states.. 1789

The Bill of Rights is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the oftentimes bitter 1787–88 battle over ratification of the U.S. Constitution, and crafted to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government’s power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people. The concepts codified in these amendments are built upon those found in several earlier documents, including the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the English Bill of Rights 1689, along with earlier documents such as Magna Carta (1215).

On June 8, 1789, Representative James Madison introduced nine amendments to the constitution in the House of Representatives. Among his recommendations Madison proposed opening up the Constitution and inserting specific rights limiting the power of Congress in Article One, Section 9. Seven of these limitations would become part of the ten ratified Bill of Rights amendments. Ultimately, on September 25, 1789, Congress approved twelve articles of amendment to the Constitution and submitted them to the states for ratification. Contrary to Madison’s original proposal that the articles be incorporated into the main body of the Constitution, they were proposed as supplemental additions (codicils) to it. Articles Three through Twelve were ratified as additions to the Constitution on December 15, 1791, and became Amendments One through Ten of the Constitution. Article Two became part of the Constitution on May 7, 1992, as the Twenty-seventh Amendment. Article One is technically still pending before the states.

Although Madison’s proposed amendments included a provision to extend the protection of some of the Bill of Rights to the states, the amendments that were finally submitted for ratification applied only to the federal government. The door for their application upon state governments was opened in the 1860s, following ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment. Since the early 20th century both federal and state courts have used the Fourteenth Amendment to apply portions of the Bill of Rights to state and local governments. The process is known as incorporation.

There are several original engrossed copies of the Bill of Rights still in existence. One of these is on permanent public display at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.

Bill of Rights

(Full Transcript | Printer Friendly)


— Source: wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights
(1957) It takes an army to integrate an Arkansas school
1957 Battling racial prejudice in an almost literal way, the US Army’s 101st Airborne Division escorts nine African American students into classes at Little Rock, Arkansas’ Central High School. President Eisenhower called out the troops after the governor blocked court-mandated integration..

The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. They then attended after the intervention of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.


— Source: wiki/Little_Rock_Nine
(1983) Massive prison break in Northern Ireland
Thirty-eight armed prisoners bolt from Northern Ireland’s infamous, and supposedly “escape-proof,” Maze Prison in the biggest jailbreak in Britain’s history. Primarily housing IRA members, the Irish rebels will dub the large breakout the ‘Great Escape’ and consider it a victory for their cause.. 1983

The Maze Prison escape took place on 25 September 1983 in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. HM Prison Maze was a maximum security prison considered to be one of the most escape-proof prisons in Europe, and held prisoners convicted of taking part in armed paramilitary campaigns during the Troubles. In the biggest prison escape in UK history, 38 Provisional Irish Republican Army prisoners escaped from H-Block 7 of the prison. One prison officer died of a heart attack as a result of the escape and twenty others were injured, including two who were shot with guns that had been smuggled into the prison. The escape was a propaganda coup for the IRA, and a British government minister faced calls to resign. The official inquiry into the escape placed most of the blame onto prison staff, who in turn blamed the escape on political interference in the running of the prison.


— Source: wiki/Maze_Prison_escape
DIH v2.5.s16

Posted in: History Tagged: 1513, 1789, 1957, 1983, history

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