1189

Today in History 07/06 (Richard the Lionheart)

Drawing of Richard I, King of England, aka ‘Richard the Lionheart’ (© Georgios Kollidas/Getty Images)(1189) Warrior with the heart of a lion ascends England’s throne
Having already been the head of his own army at 16, and by 18 given the epithet ‘Richard the Lionheart’ after breaking the siege of a staunchly defended French castle, the son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine begins his reign as Richard I, King of England.
Richard I was King of England from 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine. He was known as Richard Cœur de Lion or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. He was also known in Occitan as Oc e No, because of his reputation for terseness.
Lived: Sep 08, 1157 – Apr 06, 1199 (age 41)
Height: 6′ 5″
Spouse: Berengaria of Navarre (m. 1191)
Parents: Henry II of England (Father) · Eleanor of Aquitaine (Mother)
Siblings: William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (Brother) · Geoffrey (Brother) · Hugh Plantagenet (Brother) · Marie of France, Countess of Champagne (Sister) · William IX, Count of Poitiers (Brother) · John, King of England (Brother) · Henry the Young King (Brother) · Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile (Sister) · Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (Brother)
Buried: Fontevraud Abbey
Highlights
  • 1159: In March 1159 it was arranged that Richard would marry one of the daughters of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona; however, these arrangements failed, and the marriage never took place.

  • 1187: Richard paid homage to Philip in November 1187.

  • 1190: After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred I of Sicily, although the legal heir was William’s aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI.

  • 1191: King Richard landed at Acre on 8 June 1191.

  • 1192: Only days later, on 28 April 1192, Conrad was stabbed to death by Hashshashin (Assassins) before he could be crowned.

  • 1194: At Fréteval in 1194, just after Richard’s return to France from captivity and money-raising in England, Philip fled, leaving his entire archive of financial audits and documents to be captured by Richard.

Tomb of Richard I of England at Fontevraud Abbey
Effigy (c. 1199) of Richard I at Fontevraud Abbey, Anjou
wiki/Richard_I_of_England
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(1189) Warrior with the heart of a lion ascends England’s throne.
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Today in History 07/06/17

Drawing of Richard I, King of England, aka ‘Richard the Lionheart’ (© Georgios Kollidas/Getty Images)(1189) Warrior with the heart of a lion ascends England’s throne
Having already been the head of his own army at 16, and by 18 given the epithet ‘Richard the Lionheart’ after breaking the siege of a staunchly defended French castle, the son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine begins his reign as Richard I, King of England.
Richard I was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and Overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine. He was known as Richard Cœur de Lion or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. He was also known in Occitan as Oc e No, because of his reputation for terseness.
Lived: Sep 08, 1157 – Apr 06, 1199 (age 41)
Height: 6′ 5″ (1.96 m)
Spouse: Berengaria of Navarre (m. 1191)
Parents: Eleanor of Aquitaine (Mother) · Henry II of England (Father)
Children: Philip of Cognac (Son)
Siblings: Geoffrey (Brother) · Marie of France, Countess of Champagne (Sister) · William IX, Count of Poitiers (Brother) · Henry the Young King (Brother) · John, King of England (Brother) · Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile (Sister) · Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony (Sister) · Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (Brother) · Joan of England, Queen of Sicily (Sister)
Highlights
  • 1157: Richard was born on 8 September 1157, probably at Beaumont Palace, in Oxford, England, son of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine.

  • 1171: In 1171 Richard left for Aquitaine with his mother, and Henry II gave him the duchy of Aquitaine at the request of Eleanor.

  • 1187: To strengthen his position, in 1187, Richard allied himself with 22-year-old Philip II, the son of Eleanor’s ex-husband Louis VII by Adele of Champagne.

  • 1188: His father and Philip II had done so at Gisors on 21 January 1188 after receiving news of the fall of Jerusalem to Saladin.

  • 1191: Richard I of England married Berengaria of Navarre on May 12, 1191.

  • 1191: He then moved south, defeating Saladin’s forces at the Battle of Arsuf 30 miles (50 km) north of Jaffa on 7 September 1191.

wiki/Richard_I_of_England
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